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In the sugarcane-growing region of Yulin, Guangxi, farmers have long benefited from high yields and quality sugarcane. Following the recommendations of the local agricultural station, many growers, including Yu Baosheng, have focused on the application of NPK fertilizers. Over recent years, there has been an increased emphasis on potassium fertilizer, with potassium sulfate being applied annually as a topdressing in addition to the base fertilizer. However, during the tillering and stem elongation stages, Yu noticed varying degrees of yellowing in the sugarcane leaves. Initially, he suspected nitrogen or potassium deficiency and tried applying more potassium, but the problem worsened over time.
Upon field inspection by local agricultural technicians, it was discovered that the soil in his fields was acidic alluvial soil with a sandy texture and low organic matter content. The experts suggested using magnesium sulfate as a foliar spray. After applying 1% magnesium sulfate two or three times through foliar spraying, the yellowing gradually disappeared. By the time of replanting, Yu had incorporated both potassium sulfate and magnesium fertilizer into the base fertilizer, and the yellow leaf issue no longer occurred.
Experts point out that this case highlights three key issues. First, the cause of yellow leaves in sugarcane is often linked to magnesium deficiency, especially in areas with acidic soils and low organic matter. Prolonged use of potassium fertilizers can lead to competition for nutrient uptake, reducing the plant's ability to absorb magnesium. This explains why Yu’s sugarcane suffered from yellowing despite heavy potassium application.
Second, magnesium deficiency negatively impacts sugarcane growth. Magnesium is essential for chlorophyll synthesis, and its deficiency leads to yellowing in older and middle leaves. It also hinders nitrogen metabolism, reducing protein synthesis, and affects carbohydrate metabolism, such as sucrose production. Additionally, it disrupts phosphate activity and vitamin synthesis, ultimately lowering yield and quality.
Third, preventing and correcting magnesium deficiency requires tailored approaches. In soils with low magnesium content, applying 2–4 kg of magnesium per mu (about 0.67 acres) is recommended, using sources like magnesium sulfate or magnesium nitrate. In less deficient areas, foliar sprays are effective. A concentration of 0.5% to 2% is typically used, depending on the crop—1–2% for sugarcane, rice, and cabbage; 0.5–1% for sweet potatoes and rapeseed; and 1% for teak. Spraying is usually done 2–3 times. This approach ensures that crops receive adequate magnesium without over-application, maintaining both productivity and quality.
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