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Mountain ginseng has long captured the attention of many due to its exceptional medicinal value and high market price. However, with a wide variety of ginseng available in the market, most people have only a general understanding of it, often lacking detailed knowledge. To help clarify, here is an introduction to the classification of commercial ginseng:
I. Wild Ginseng
1. Pure Wild Ginseng: This refers to ginseng that naturally grows from seeds that either fall to the ground or are consumed by birds and later excreted. These plants grow without any human intervention, remaining in their natural habitat throughout their entire life cycle. Ginseng that has grown for over 100 years is called "old ginseng," while those weighing more than one catty are referred to as "big ginseng." Smaller ones, weighing less than one catty, are known as "scorpion ginseng."
2. Ding Change Ginseng: This type occurs when the main root of pure wild ginseng is damaged or destroyed during its natural growth. In response, the plant develops adventitious roots (called "Dingmao") that take over the function of the main root. This unique transformation gives rise to what is known as "Ding Change Ginseng."
3. Replanted Wild Ginseng: Sometimes, young wild ginseng seedlings are dug up and replanted in the forest, where they continue to grow naturally without artificial management. After several years, they are harvested and referred to as "sold-up goods."
II. Cultivated Ginseng
1. Uphill Goods (Old Planted, Small Planted Uphill): These are ginseng plants selected from cultivated fields, transplanted into the wild, and allowed to grow naturally for several years before being harvested. They resemble true wild ginseng in appearance and are considered high-quality.
2. Seed Goods (Seed Pods): Garden ginseng seeds are sown in a carefully prepared forest environment and left to grow naturally under minimal human care for 20 to 30 years. These are known as "seed goods" and are highly valued.
3. Pool Bottom Ginseng: This refers to ginseng that regrows naturally after the original crop has been harvested. It is left to grow in the same area for several more years, becoming a valuable product known as "pool bottom ginseng."
4. Hard Base Ginseng: Some garden ginseng varieties, such as the long-necked or round-necked types, are cultivated using special techniques under specific environmental conditions. An example is the "stone pillar ginseng" from Kuandian, Liaoning, which is renowned for its quality and distinct characteristics.
Understanding these classifications helps distinguish between genuine wild ginseng and various cultivated types, each with its own unique qualities and value. Whether you're a collector, herbalist, or enthusiast, knowing the differences can enhance your appreciation and informed decision-making.