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The failure of a diesel engine's cooling system can significantly impact its performance and longevity. As the system deteriorates, it often leads to reduced water flow and increased resistance due to scale buildup inside the coolant passages. This scale not only reduces the effective volume of the system but also hinders heat transfer, leading to higher engine temperatures. As a result, more scale forms, creating a cycle that worsens the problem. Additionally, oxidation of engine oil may occur, leading to carbon deposits on critical components such as piston rings, cylinder walls, and valves, which increases wear and tear. To prevent these issues, the following guidelines should be strictly followed:
1. Whenever possible, use soft water like rain or melted snow as coolant. River, spring, and well water are typically hard water, containing high mineral content that tends to precipitate when heated, forming scale in the cooling system. If you must use such water, boil it first, let it settle, and then use the surface layer. In emergency situations, clean, uncontaminated soft water is the best alternative.
2. Ensure the coolant level is maintained at the correct height—specifically, the upper water chamber should not be less than 8mm below the inlet pipe opening.
3. When the engine overheats and lacks water, never add cold water immediately. Instead, reduce the load, allow the engine to cool down, and then slowly add water while the engine is running. If the engine runs out of water during operation, do not add water right away, as this could cause thermal shock, leading to cracks or seizure. Wait until the engine has cooled to ambient temperature before refilling. In cold weather, avoid draining hot water, as this can damage the engine due to extreme temperature differences. Only drain the water once the temperature drops to around 40°C. Open the radiator cap, turn the crankshaft, and ensure all water is drained from the pump to prevent freezing and damage to radiators, cylinder heads, and cylinders.
4. Keep the engine operating within the proper temperature range. After starting the engine, warm it up to above 60°C before beginning work (the water temperature should be at least 40°C before starting a tractor without load). Once the engine is running normally, maintain the coolant temperature between 80°C and 90°C, and never exceed 98°C.
5. Check the tension of the drive belt. Apply a force of 29.4 to 49 Newtons in the middle of the belt; it should sink about 10–12 mm. If the tension is too tight or too loose, adjust by loosening the generator bracket bolts and moving the pulley accordingly.
6. Inspect the water pump for leaks. Check the drain hole under the water pump cover. The leakage should not exceed six drops per three minutes. If there is excessive leakage, replace the water seal.
7. Regularly lubricate the pump shaft bearings. After every 50 hours of operation, grease the bearing with fresh lubricant.
8. Clean the cooling system’s scale after approximately 1000 hours of engine operation to maintain efficiency and prevent further damage.
By following these steps, you can extend the life of your diesel engine and ensure it runs smoothly and efficiently.