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Insect virus-based pesticides are still not able to fully replace traditional chemical pesticides from the current standpoint. However, in agricultural production, a coexistence of insect virus insecticides and low-toxicity, high-efficiency, low-residue chemical pesticides is expected, which is considered a promising direction for future pesticide development.
According to available information, insect viruses are a group of viruses that specifically target insects. As a method of pest control in agriculture, forestry, and public health, they offer unique advantages. These include high host specificity, which allows them to kill pests without harming beneficial organisms or natural enemies. They also have a long-lasting effect, do not pollute the environment, and are safe for humans, livestock, and non-target species. In nature, no reports have indicated that insect viruses cause toxicity, pathogenicity, or adverse effects on aquatic life, birds, or mammals. Natural predators like grasshoppers, ladybugs, wasps, and parasitoids have also been found to be unaffected, making these viruses highly safe.
Insect virus formulations can be applied using existing agricultural equipment, making them a practical option for farmers. As a result, insect virus insecticides are seen as one of the most promising biological pesticides of the 21st century.
Despite their potential, biopesticides, including insect virus-based ones, face several challenges. They are unlikely to dominate the market or completely replace chemical pesticides in the near future. Issues such as limited production scale, slower efficacy compared to chemical pesticides, and high costs for research, toxicology testing, and environmental impact studies remain significant barriers. Although many semi-finished products show promise, only a few reach commercial success. Additionally, the technology and product design provided by research institutions may not yet be fully developed or adequately supported, leading to difficulties in production, quality control, and scalability for companies.
At the application stage, farmers often lack proper guidance, which can lead to improper storage, incorrect usage, and reduced effectiveness. Compared to chemical pesticides, biopesticides tend to be more expensive, and consumer acceptance remains a challenge.
Globally, insect virus insecticides have already seen widespread use. Countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, Brazil, Japan, and India have implemented large-scale applications. Currently, over 40 types of insect virus insecticides have been registered, produced, and used worldwide. Yin Yinong has recommended that relevant authorities increase investment in R&D, especially in the development of original biopesticides. Furthermore, there should be nationwide promotion efforts to raise awareness and improve farmers' understanding of the mechanisms and proper application techniques of biopesticides.