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Due to early spring damage to grapevines, it is essential to perform plastic pruning in areas where the climate remains cold and the vines are buried. However, during cultivation, improper winter pruning can negatively impact the health of the plants. To ensure effective pruning, the following guidelines should be carefully followed:
First, protect the buds at the cut site. Make a cut 3 to 4 centimeters above the bud. If the internodes are short, cut just before the bud. The cut should be smooth to avoid cracking, which could hinder bud development and germination.
When removing large branches, leave some spars to maintain balance. Small branches can be removed from the base. If sparse branches need to be shortened, do so gradually over time. Avoid creating multiple wounds in one area, as this can disrupt the flow of nutrients within the vine.
Also, avoid making cuts on the main trunk if possible. This helps prevent unnecessary stress and damage to the central structure of the vine.
The length of each cut should be determined based on the maturity of the wood. Ensure there is enough space for the vine to grow and fill the trellis efficiently. For varieties with fast growth and low basal shoot bud rates, medium-length shoots are ideal. For slower-growing or weaker varieties, especially those with high fruit-setting ability at the base, use medium to short shoots for pruning.
Branch renewal is also important. When using single-branch regeneration, prune the resulting mother shoots by cutting back the short shoots without leaving any preparatory branches. In the second year, new growth from these mother shoots will produce fruit, while the lower inflorescences serve as the next set of preparation branches. During winter, remove the fruiting shoots and trim the shoots on the preparation branches.
For branch renewal, leave one fruiting site per cluster and trim the upper part with medium to long cuts. The lower branch should be left with 2 to 3 buds to encourage new growth.
Perennial vine renewal is another key practice. For vines that have strong growth at the end but are weak at the base, cut back to the vigorous shoots. For vines that have good growth at the front but are bare at the back, update the older parts to promote new fruiting. For weak perennial vines, if they still have the potential to bear fruit, combine shortening and upright training techniques to strengthen them. If the old vines no longer produce fruit, they should be completely removed to make way for healthier growth.
By following these practices, you can ensure healthy, productive grapevines that remain vigorous and well-balanced throughout the growing season.