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What Should You Pay Attention to When Fermenting Fertilizer in Winter?
Fertilizer fermentation can begin when the temperature and moisture levels are suitable. In summer, it's easier to start the process using livestock manure, leaves, bark, or other organic materials with a fertilizer starter. However, in winter, the fermentation process takes longer due to lower temperatures. Why does this happen? Are there other factors that affect the process besides temperature?
First, the materials may be frozen for extended periods, especially in northern regions where outdoor temperatures often drop below freezing. The moisture within the materials quickly turns into ice, altering their structure. For example, pig manure can become very hard and contain ice chunks, making it difficult for microorganisms to break it down. Although some fertilizers contain cold-tolerant bacteria, dealing with ice is still a big challenge.
Another issue is the presence of impurities in the materials. Some organic waste contains substances that inhibit microbial activity, such as plant roots, flowers, bark, resins, stones, or even industrial slag. These impurities can slow down or even halt the fermentation process. To ensure successful winter composting, it’s important to screen the materials and remove any non-organic debris before starting the process.
Additionally, maintaining proper moisture levels is crucial. In cold weather, the materials tend to dry out more quickly, so regular monitoring and adjustment of moisture content are necessary. It's also advisable to cover the pile to retain heat and protect it from harsh winds.
By addressing these challenges—freezing, impurities, and moisture control—you can improve the efficiency of fertilizer fermentation during the winter months.