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Editor's Note: Henan Province is one of China's most important wheat-producing regions. In recent years, both the national and provincial governments have introduced a series of favorable agricultural policies aimed at supporting wheat production. These initiatives have significantly improved farming conditions and continuously raised productivity levels. As a result, wheat yields have reached record highs for five consecutive years. In 2007, the wheat planting area reached 75.66 million mu, and in 2008, the area is expected to expand further. Ensuring proper wheat sowing is essential for achieving high and stable yields.
First and foremost, selecting the right variety is crucial. Only by choosing high-quality seeds can we ensure increased production. Following this, attention must be paid to site preparation, fertilization, irrigation, and sowing. Thorough soil preparation, adequate base fertilizer application, and precise sowing techniques are all key to ensuring uniform emergence and strong seedlings, which lay the foundation for high yields the following year. Additionally, disease, pest, and weed control during the sowing period plays a vital role. Early prevention not only helps manage underground pests and weeds but also reduces the risk of disease outbreaks, easing the burden of later treatments.
With the upcoming wheat planting season, experts from the Provincial Seed Management Station, Henan Agricultural University, and local agricultural technicians have shared practical guidance on variety selection, soil preparation, sowing techniques, fertilization, and pest and disease control. The goal is to achieve full, healthy, uniform, and robust seedlings, setting the stage for a high-yield harvest next year.
In some areas of Henan, due to intercropping or late harvesting, the sowing window has been delayed. To maximize yield from late stubble wheat, several key measures should be taken.
Since the sowing date is later than usual, it is recommended to choose weak spring or spring wheat varieties that are well-suited for such conditions. For fertilization, it’s important to apply more organic fertilizer and increase nitrogen input. Each acre should receive 3,000–5,000 kg of organic manure, along with 50 kg of calcium phosphate and 70 kg of ammonium phosphate as base fertilizer. This helps promote early seedling development. Additionally, when applying base fertilizer, it’s beneficial to return straw to the field and combine it with organic fertilizer. Typically, urea and diammonium phosphate should be applied at 1.5 kg per mu.
For late-sown wheat, the number of tillers is usually lower, and root development is delayed. Therefore, it’s important to apply a wax fertilizer before the end of December, and combine it with loosening the soil using a cultivator. About 2,500 kg of soil-based fertilizer per acre can help prevent cold damage to young plants.
Increasing the sowing rate is also necessary to compensate for the delay. Late-sown wheat grows more slowly and produces fewer tillers, so focusing on the main stem and panicles becomes essential for achieving high yields.
To improve germination, seeds should be soaked in warm water for about two hours before sowing, then allowed to germinate for 24 hours at a temperature of 20–25°C. Once the seeds have absorbed enough moisture, they should be piled in a 30 cm thick layer and turned several times daily. Sow them when the embryos turn white.
Lastly, shallow sowing is recommended for late-sown wheat. The depth should not exceed 3 cm. Shallow sowing allows the seeds to take advantage of surface warmth, promoting faster emergence. After sowing, light rolling can help the seeds emerge 2–4 days earlier.