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Editor's Note: Henan Province is one of China's most important wheat-producing regions. In recent years, both the national and provincial governments have introduced a series of favorable agricultural policies aimed at promoting wheat production. These measures have significantly improved the overall conditions for agriculture in the province and continuously raised production levels. For five consecutive years, wheat yields have reached record highs. In 2007, the area planted with wheat reached 75.66 million mu, and in 2008, this area was expected to grow even further. Ensuring successful wheat sowing is crucial for achieving high and stable yields.
The first step is selecting the right variety. Only by choosing high-quality seeds can we ensure increased production. Next comes site preparation, fertilization, irrigation, and sowing. Proper soil preparation, sufficient base fertilizer, and timely sowing are all essential to ensure uniform emergence and strong seedlings, laying a solid foundation for high yields the following year. Finally, disease, pest, and weed control during the sowing period is critical. Early prevention not only helps manage underground pests and weeds but also reduces the occurrence of many diseases in the early stages of wheat growth, easing the burden of later treatments.
As the wheat planting season approaches, experts from the Provincial Seed Management Station, Henan Agricultural University, and local agricultural technicians have provided detailed guidance on various aspects of wheat cultivation, including variety selection, soil preparation, sowing, fertilization, and pest and disease control. The goal is to ensure that the wheat emerges uniformly, grows vigorously, and is well-prepared for a bountiful harvest next year.
In some areas of Henan, due to intercropping and mixed planting, the sowing time has been delayed. To achieve high yields from late stubble wheat, several key points must be addressed:
First, for late sowing, it's essential to choose weak spring or spring-type wheat varieties that are suitable for the delayed planting schedule. Second, scientific fertilization should involve applying more organic fertilizer and increasing nitrogen input. Farmers should apply 3,000–5,000 kg of organic manure per acre, along with 50 kg of calcium phosphate and 70 kg of ammonium phosphate as base fertilizer. This ensures that seedlings develop quickly and reach the required standards. Additionally, when applying base fertilizer, straw should be returned to the field, and organic fertilizer should be used in combination with chemical fertilizers—typically 1.5 kg each of urea and diammonium phosphate per mu.
For late-sown wheat, which has fewer leaves and weaker root development, applying a wax fertilizer before the end of December is important. At that time, farmers should combine loosening the soil with a cultivator and apply about 2,500 kg of miscellaneous fertilizer per acre to prevent cold damage to the seedlings.
Increasing the sowing rate is also necessary to compensate for the delay. Late-sown wheat grows slowly and produces fewer tillers, so focusing on the main stem and ear development is key to achieving high yields.
Before sowing, seeds can be soaked in warm water for approximately two hours, then germinated for 24 hours at a temperature between 20°C and 25°C. Once the seeds have absorbed enough moisture, they should be piled up to a thickness of 30 cm and turned several times daily. Sow them when the embryo turns white.
Finally, shallow sowing is recommended for late-sown wheat. The depth should generally not exceed 3 cm. Shallow sowing allows better use of surface warmth, which helps the seeds emerge faster. Additionally, proper rolling after sowing can help the wheat emerge 2–4 days earlier.