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When selecting sows for breeding, it is crucial to prioritize local breeds. These breeds are known for their strong adaptability, resistance to roughage, lower stress levels, early sexual maturity, clear estrus signs, high conception rates, and large litter sizes. They also exhibit strong maternal instincts and are easier to manage. However, in recent years, with the trend of crossbreeding, the number of purebred local sows has significantly declined, making them increasingly rare. Therefore, it is advisable to choose sows that have a local pig lineage whenever possible. Breeding such pigs can result in offspring that are more marketable and command higher prices.
For boars, it is recommended to select foreign breeds known for high lean meat percentages, fast growth, and robust physical development. Among these, Duroc pigs are particularly popular. While Landrace and Pietrain pigs are also available in some markets, the Pietrain breed tends to be more sensitive to stress, which can affect its growth and development. Careful consideration should be given when introducing this breed to ensure optimal conditions for success.
When deciding whether to raise native breeds or hybrid pigs, it's important to conduct thorough research on the local consumer market. Indigenous pigs, although slower to grow, are prized for their superior meat quality and unique flavor, which still holds a strong demand in remote areas. On the other hand, foreign three-way hybrids like Du Dachang and Du Changda offer lean meat ratios as high as 62% to 64%, appealing to urban consumers with an average daily weight gain of 700-900 grams and a feed-to-meat ratio of 2.6:1. These hybrids are ideal for suburban and transport-friendly regions.
Although two-way hybrids may not match the meat quality of foreign three-way hybrids, they align better with rural cooking habits and tastes, making them well-suited for the vast rural market.
Choosing the right breeding model is essential. Options include professional fattening, full-cycle farming, and breeding-focused systems. The professional fattening model involves raising pigs for slaughter only. It requires less investment, simpler technology, and offers quick returns, typically within 3 to 4 months. This flexibility helps reduce market risks, though it comes with challenges like unstable pig sources and potential disease risks.
The full-cycle model integrates all stages from breeding to slaughter. It offers higher profit margins and better resource utilization but demands significant capital, longer production cycles, and skilled management. The breeding model focuses on raising and selling breeding pigs during the gestation period. It provides stable income and better disease control but requires substantial fixed investments and advanced management skills.
Market fluctuations in live pig prices are influenced by factors like feed costs, pig origins, and disease outbreaks. However, pork price trends often follow seasonal patterns. For example, prices tend to rise slightly before May Day, the "11th" holiday, and around New Year’s Day due to increased demand from urban consumers. Rural households usually raise small numbers of pigs for personal use, which has minimal impact on overall market prices.
Under normal conditions, pigs take about 160 to 180 days to reach slaughter weight. By purchasing suitable pigs or medium-sized pigs for fattening, farmers can target key market periods like May Day, the "11th," and New Year’s Day to maximize profits. While these are general trends, actual opportunities depend on various factors including government policies, economic conditions, and market dynamics.
Since 2007, pork prices have steadily risen, leading to high profits. However, blindly increasing breeding scale is risky, especially when pig prices remain high, making purchase costs too expensive. Government intervention and rising feed costs can also squeeze profits. Therefore, successful pig farming requires careful analysis of political, economic, and market factors. Neither overestimating nor underestimating market conditions is wise.
In China, feed costs account for 70% to 80% of pig-raising expenses, compared to around 50% in advanced countries. A pig-to-feed ratio between 5.5:1 and 6.5:1 is considered ideal. Prices that are too high or too low both carry risks—too low means poor returns, while too high increases the chance of a market crash. Accurately identifying business opportunities in the pig industry requires a deep understanding of market conditions and careful planning.