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In the northern region, open-air tomato cultivation primarily takes place in the Spring, with the growing season extending from late spring through early Summer, when temperatures rise and rainfall increases. To ensure safe production and maximize yields, it's essential to make full use of protective facilities for sowing and seedling care in advance. Once the frost period has passed, timely planting in the field is crucial, aiming for an early and mature harvest to achieve better economic returns. Here are key considerations for spring tomato cultivation in the north:
First, it's important to address the challenges posed by low temperatures, frost, and unstable weather caused by cold fronts during the first half of the planting period. Choosing the right sowing and planting times based on local weather conditions and farming capabilities is vital. The sowing date typically follows the last frost, with a general recommendation of 70 to 100 days before planting. For example, in Beijing, if using a cold bed or small greenhouse for seedling development, the ideal seedling age is 90 to 100 days, so seeds should be sown in mid- to late January. If using a greenhouse, the suitable seedling age is 70 to 75 days, which means sowing around mid-February. If conditions allow for better seedling management, sowing can be delayed until around February 20. Sowing too early may lead to overly large or leggy seedlings, or even flowering before transplanting, which negatively affects the first fruit set. On the other hand, if seedling care is inadequate, "small old seedlings" may develop, which can hinder growth after planting. Sowing too late may result in underdeveloped seedlings that aren't ready for planting, causing issues in future management. Additionally, delaying planting can increase the risk of disease later on, leading to lower yields.
Second, due to strong sunlight and high incidence of viral diseases in open fields, it's advisable to select varieties with more leaves, larger foliage, and higher resistance to viruses, as well as those with dense hair to deter aphids. Medium to large-fruited varieties like Jiafen No. 17 and Maofen 802 are recommended. When choosing varieties, it's important to consider local growing conditions and market demand to ensure optimal performance and profitability.
Third, insect pests pose a significant challenge in open-air tomato cultivation. In dry years, locusts are particularly problematic. Aphids not only damage plants by feeding on leaves and stems but also act as vectors for the cucumber mosaic virus. Bollworms mainly attack the fruits, causing rot. Therefore, proactive measures and preventive strategies are necessary to minimize pest-related losses and maintain healthy crop growth.