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The significance of transplanting rice seedlings goes beyond just completing the task—it's crucial to ensure a high survival rate, promote healthy root development, and ultimately boost crop yield. Therefore, in addition to transplanting, it's essential to follow these key steps:
First, thorough field preparation is necessary. Before planting, make sure to till the soil thoroughly under sunny conditions, ensuring that the land is level and ready for planting. Each paddy field should be well-cultivated, with a uniform horizontal surface and soft, loose, and deep soil. Typically, the process involves plowing first, then leveling the field. Any weeds or uneven mud piles should be removed, and the stalks from previous crops should be turned into the soil to enrich it. This creates ideal conditions for transplanting.
Second, transplant seedlings in shallow water. The timing and depth are critical. Rice seedlings should be transplanted when they're about 30 days old, while those grown in dry land (like plastic trays) should be around 25 days old. For early rice, approximately 24,000 seedlings per mu are planted, and for mid-to-late rice, around 22,000. When transplanting, keep the water depth at 2–3 cm. It’s best to use wet but not flooded fields, avoiding deep water which can damage young plants.
Third, apply sufficient organic fertilizer. Based on the "four types of one" formula, add enough organic matter such as manure or commercial organic fertilizer (40–50 kg per acre), along with 10–20 kg of superphosphate or diammonium phosphate. Additionally, 2 kg of aerobics fertilizer per acre can improve soil structure and enhance nutrient absorption. These fertilizers help release potassium gradually, improving long-term fertility and reducing the need for chemical fertilizers. Young seedlings are sensitive to high concentrations of nitrogen, so over-fertilization can harm them and lead to poor growth.
Fourth, implement scientific fertilizer management. After 4–5 days of transplanting, when the seedlings start to take root, apply 5–10 kg of urea and potash per acre, mixed with herbicides for effective weed control. Two to three weeks later, apply 10 kg of urea and 15 kg of potash or compound fertilizer to support vigorous growth and multiple panicle development. This method can increase the number of rice panicles by 5–10 compared to traditional practices. During the booting to heading stage, spraying Kouxiaowangye and K.sterilizer once a week helps prevent diseases like sheath blight and Aspergillus, as well as reduce lodging. Other pests can be managed through regular monitoring and standard practices.