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Urea is a commonly used fertilizer among farmers due to its stability and low volatility. However, some farmers tend to apply it carelessly, such as by simply scattering it on the surface or not covering it with soil after application. This improper method leads to significant losses of urea through volatilization, especially under sunlight. As a result, the efficiency of urea use drops, which not only wastes resources but also reduces crop yield.
Although urea itself is relatively stable and doesn't easily evaporate, it can quickly convert into ammonia carbonate in the presence of soil microorganisms. This process makes the nitrogen available to plants, but the timing of this release is slower compared to ammonium bicarbonate. Therefore, improper application methods can greatly reduce the effectiveness of urea.
To maximize the benefits of urea, it's important to follow proper application techniques. Farmers should choose sunny and dry weather for topdressing. Some farmers like to spread urea just before it rains, but this practice is not ideal. Instead, it's better to dig a shallow trench or make deep holes (about 7–10 cm deep), apply the urea, and then cover it thoroughly with soil. In summer, watering should be done 2–3 days after application, while in winter, the interval should be extended to 6–8 days. This helps ensure that the fertilizer remains in the soil and is absorbed efficiently by plant roots.
Scientific and rational fertilization is crucial for improving nutrient use efficiency, reducing costs, and minimizing environmental impact. It’s not only beneficial for individual farmers but also contributes to national agricultural sustainability and long-term food security. By adopting best practices, farmers can achieve better yields while protecting the environment for future generations.