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In order to prevent wheat from freezing and suffering frost damage, it is essential to implement a series of effective measures across the country. These strategies are designed to protect the crop at different stages and improve its resilience against cold weather.
First, for fields with poor overall plant health or weak seedlings, it's advisable to apply soil-based fertilizers or mix in organic matter to help insulate and strengthen the young plants. This can significantly enhance their ability to withstand low temperatures.
Second, if the leaves of the wheat have been frozen but the young ears remain intact, it’s important to water the fields early. This helps to maintain moisture levels and prevents the young ears from dying due to cold stress.
Third, for wheat fields where the young ears have already been damaged by frost, applying an accelerated nitrogen fertilizer is recommended. A dose of 10–13 kg of ammonium nitrate or 20–30 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per acre can be applied, combined with irrigation and soil cultivation to loosen the ground and encourage quicker recovery of the affected plants.
Fourth, in areas where the main stem and young ears have been damaged, two rounds of top-dressing are advised. The first application should be made immediately after the field thaws, using 10 kg of urea per mu. The second round should be done during the jointing stage, combining it with water-spraying and nutrient application, using another 10 kg of urea per acre.
Fifth, increasing the use of phosphate fertilizer is beneficial. Phosphorus plays a key role in root development and tiller growth. For fields lacking phosphorus, mixing urea with diammonium phosphate and applying it can help improve overall plant health.
Sixth, spraying chlormequat chloride (chlormequat) is an effective method to reduce frost damage. During winter, when wheat has been exposed to cold, applying a solution of 0.3% to 0.5% chlormequat can help control plant growth and reduce the risk of further damage.
Lastly, preventing premature aging is crucial, especially for late-thawed wheat. Proper management of nutrients during the mid and late growing stages is necessary. After the first spring top-dressing, additional applications during the jointing stage can promote larger panicles and better grain weight.
By following these comprehensive steps, farmers can significantly improve the chances of their wheat crops surviving the winter and thriving in the coming season.