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Rice Field Cultivation and Shrimp Farming Integration
I. Rice Field Preparation
1. The paddy field project is designed with sufficient water sources, excellent water quality, no pollution, and convenient drainage and irrigation systems to ensure protection against drought and flooding. The ideal area for the field ranges between 2,000 to 7,000 square meters. A central ditch system is constructed around the plot: a wide ditch runs east-west with a top width of 3.5 meters, a bottom width of 1.5 meters, and a depth of 1.5 meters. A narrower north-south ditch has a top width of 2.5 meters, a bottom width of 1 meter, and a depth of 0.8 meters. The total area occupied by these ditches accounts for about 35% of the total land, while the rice planting area takes up 50%. An additional 15% of the area is reserved for sorghum mounds in the ditches to enhance habitat for crawfish. Additionally, cash crops can be interplanted to improve economic returns.
2. Habitat Simulation To prevent soil accumulation and silt blockage, wooden stakes (15 cm in diameter) are inserted 50 cm apart at a depth of 20 cm from the ditch bottom, creating artificial shelters for crawfish. These caves are staggered on both sides of the ditch to provide hiding spots and promote natural behavior.
3. Anti-Escape Measures The embankment surrounding the pond is reinforced with plastic film, cement boards, or brick walls that are 60 cm high and 25 cm thick. The outlet must be tightly sealed with a dense mesh to prevent escape.
4. Pond Cleaning During winter or early spring, the ditch water is drained, and a layer of sludge is removed from the pond bottom. The embankments are trimmed, and the field is left dry for one month to allow for proper drying.
5. Disinfection The pond is disinfected using 200 g/m³ of disinfectant based on the actual water volume.
II. Crop Planting
1. Rice Cultivation Glutinous rice variety "Jiuyou No. 90" was selected for its strong stalks and disease resistance. After wheat harvest in late May, 1,250 kg of composted pig manure and 20 kg of soil test formula fertilizer were applied per acre in mid-June. Rice was planted using machines with spacing of 27 cm × 30 cm or 18 cm × 30 cm, resulting in 11,000–12,000 holes per mu, with six plants per hole, totaling 66,000–70,000 plants per acre.
2. Chili Pepper Cultivation Sorghum stalks were used as support structures, and "Chaotian Pepper No. 3" was selected for planting. In late June, seedlings aged 45–50 days were planted with row spacing of 50 cm × 30 cm, resulting in 4,444 seedlings per acre, with a total of 200,000 peppers planted.
III. Shrimp Stocking
1. Broodstock Release occurs annually between September and October, with sizes ranging from 10–15 cm and stocking density of 40–60 kg/mu.
2. Juvenile shrimp are stocked in June at a rate of 20–30 kg/mu, with each juvenile measuring 3–4 cm.
IV. Daily Management
1. Water Quality Management
(a) Water Quality Cultivation: Organic fertilizer is applied from late June to mid-August, with fermented organic manure (50–60 kg/mu) every two weeks. The water color should be bean green or tea brown, with a transparency of 30–40 cm. Saffron is partially submerged using the "flooding method" in March to act as a green organic fertilizer.
(b) Water Regulation: Water is added according to the principle "light in spring and autumn, full in hot seasons." Lime (10–15 kg/mu) is sprayed every 15–20 days, along with photosynthetic bacteria to maintain water quality.
2. Feeding
(a) Feed Types: Animal feed includes plankton, snails, and wild fish naturally grown in the field. Plant feed consists of saffron, lantern grass, duckweed, and water hyacinth.
(b) Bio-feed Cultivation: 500–750 kg/mu of organic manure is applied 10 days before shrimp release. Fermented livestock manure is used daily for a week after release. Safflower seeds are also used to provide plant-based food during April and May.
(c) Aquatic Grass Cultivation: Aquatic grass covers about 60% of the water surface during the farming period. Species like saffron, watercress, lantern grass, duckweed, and water hyacinth are planted based on seasonal growth and feeding needs.
(d) Snail and Fish Feeding: 300 kg/mu of snails are fed before and after the Qingming Festival for natural reproduction. Mid-March sees 50–100 g of squid per mu, or 3,000 perch per mu in late June.
(e) Feeding Schedule: Shrimp are fed once in the afternoon initially, then twice daily later. Animal feed includes snail meat and wild fish; plant feed includes saffron, water hyacinth, and duckweed. Daily feeding amounts range from 1% to 5% of shrimp body weight, with adjustments based on consumption.
3. Field Management
(a) Fertilization: Organic fertilizer (300–400 kg/mu) is applied before transplanting. Chemical fertilizers are used sparingly, with urea and superphosphate not exceeding three times per season.
(b) Pest and Disease Control: Manual, physical, and biological methods are used to reduce pesticide use. Manual control involves raising water levels to trap pests. Physical control uses insecticidal lamps to attract and kill pests. Biological control involves crawfish eating microorganisms and insects.
(c) Predator Elimination: Predators such as otters, snakes, and birds are controlled through regular monitoring. Ducks are not allowed near the ditches to avoid losses.
(d) Water Level Management: Water levels are gradually increased to 12–15 cm as shrimp grow. New water is added every 3–5 days, more frequently in summer. Daily inspections are conducted to monitor shrimp activity and water quality.
4. Disease Prevention
Photosynthetic bacteria and lime are used for water quality management. No chemical drugs are used for disease prevention due to the focus on rice production.
V. Benefit Analysis and Conclusion
1. Economic Analysis From April onward, shrimps can be harvested using ground cages. Shrimp over 35 g are sold, while smaller ones are returned for further cultivation. On October 16, 300 acres yielded 28,675 kg of crawfish, generating 661,980 yuan. An estimated 10,000 kg remain, with an expected output value of 400,000 yuan. South Korea Chaotian peppers yield 40,000 kg, valued at 8.1552 million yuan. Total annual output is 2.0619 million yuan, with an average of 6,873 yuan per acre. Production costs include 465,250,000 yuan for seeds, feed, medicine, and labor, and 458,690,000 yuan for depreciation. Profit is 1,137,865 yuan, or 3,793 yuan per mu.
2. Conclusion
(1) Land leveling ensures efficient operation per mu, with 10 mu as a production unit. Machinery transforms the rice field into a high-low structure, improving light and ventilation. Sorghum helps prevent lodging in rice.
(2) Chaotian peppers thrive in soft soils and have pest-reducing properties, making them ideal for planting on sorghum stalks. This integration reduces pest occurrence and enhances overall productivity.