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Rose is a popular flowering plant known for its beauty and versatility. One of the most effective methods of propagating roses is through softwood cuttings, which allows for the efficient production of a large number of seedlings from just a few parent plants. This technique is especially beneficial because it can be carried out from May to August, with a new batch of seedlings ready within 30 to 40 days. This makes it possible to propagate 3 to 4 batches per year, supporting a steady and balanced nursery output.
However, softwood cutting requires careful attention and precise management. The process involves several key steps, starting with the preparation of the cutting bed. A hotbed or cold bed can be used, typically made with materials such as horse manure, coarse sand, and glass or tiles for insulation. The bed should be constructed in a way that maximizes light exposure and heat retention, with dimensions that are easy to manage—such as a width of 1.5 to 2 meters and a length that fits well in the growing area.
To create a hotbed, fresh horse manure is layered and allowed to heat up to around 50–60°C. This layer is then covered with a mix of coarse sand, ensuring it’s thick enough (about 15 cm) to provide even heat distribution. Once the bed is set up, it is covered with glass or plastic to maintain temperature and moisture. During the day, the cover is exposed to sunlight, and at night, it is shaded with a curtain to retain warmth.
When taking cuttings, it's important to select young, tender shoots that are about 8–15 cm long and semi-woody in texture. These should be harvested early in the morning and processed quickly to prevent drying out. The lower leaves are removed, while the upper ones are trimmed or cut in half to reduce water loss. The cut ends must be smooth and placed at the semi-woody section of the stem to encourage rooting.
After preparing the cuttings, they are inserted into the sand bed, making sure not to damage the base. Small sticks can be used to make holes before inserting the cuttings, which helps them establish roots more easily. Rooting hormones like naphthalene acetate or 2,4-D may be applied to enhance root development.
Once planted, the seedlings require consistent moisture and careful monitoring. Watering should be done at least four times a day, using a fine mist sprayer to keep the foliage damp without overwatering. Shade is essential during the first few days to protect the cuttings from direct sunlight. As the roots develop, the duration of shade is gradually reduced, and the seedlings are acclimated to outdoor conditions.
After about 30 days, the seedlings can be transplanted into pots or open beds. The transplanting process must be handled carefully, ensuring that the roots are not disturbed. The soil should be rich in organic matter, and the seedlings should be watered immediately after planting. They are kept in the hotbed for a few more days before being moved to the open field, where they continue to grow until their roots become fully lignified.
This method of propagation not only ensures healthy growth but also provides a reliable and sustainable way to produce quality rose plants for commercial or personal use.