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1. Deepen the soil ripening process. During the sapling stage, it's beneficial to dig deeper around the planting hole, expanding it each year. Starting from the original planting hole, combine this with autumn basal fertilization, and turn the soil deeper every year or every other year until all the soil between the trees has been turned. This practice helps improve soil structure and promotes better root development.
There are two main methods for deep turning: interlacing (or septum) deep turning and full-field deep turning. The former is more suitable when labor or organic fertilizer is limited, while the full-field method is preferred otherwise. It’s important to combine this with proper fertilization—without it, the results may be ineffective or even harmful.
The best time to perform deep turning is in early autumn, before the ground freezes in winter or in early spring. The ideal depth is 60–90 cm. When turning the soil, try to avoid damaging large roots. After turning, break up any large clods, mix the topsoil with organic fertilizer, and refill the area around the roots. Then cover the soil lightly to help it weather properly. After deep plowing, water the area thoroughly to ensure the moisture penetrates the deeply turned soil.
2. Ridge cultivation. In orchards prone to rust or salinity, ridge farming is an effective technique to combat pests, salt accumulation, and algae growth, while also boosting apricot yields. When building ridges, you can bury the scum collected from summer tree trays beneath them. You can also apply some compound and organic fertilizers to the tree rows first. The buried layer should not be too deep—about 10 cm thick. The ridge width should be approximately 120 cm, and it should be widened gradually over the years. The final ridge height should not exceed 25 cm.
Along the outer edges of each ridge, create a shallow ditch about 15 cm deep and 25 cm wide. This makes it easier to apply quick-acting fertilizers and manage irrigation and drainage for the apricot trees.
3. Intercropping. Establishing an apricot orchard with reasonable intercropping not only maximizes land use and enhances soil fertility but also helps retain moisture, prevent erosion, and suppress weed growth.
Intercropping should focus on nitrogen-fixing dwarf legumes. As the apricot trees mature, the yield from intercropped crops will naturally decline. To control weeds, consider using intercropping as green manure. These crops can be cut and used as mulch or incorporated into the soil to increase organic matter and improve soil structure. This practice contributes to long-term soil health and sustainability.