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1. Deepen soil aeration. During the sapling stage, it's important to gradually deepen the soil around the planting hole. This means, starting from the original planting hole, expanding and turning the soil deeper each year or every other year, especially during autumn when base fertilization is applied. Continue this process until all the soil between the trees has been turned over.
Deep soil turning can be done in two ways: interlaced (or septum) deep turning and full-field deep turning. The former is suitable when labor or organic fertilizer is limited, while the latter is used when resources are sufficient. Regardless of the method, it must be combined with proper irrigation and fertilization; otherwise, it may not yield the desired results or could even harm the tree.
The best time for deep turning is in early autumn, before the ground freezes in winter or just after the spring thaw. The ideal depth for deep plowing is 60–90 cm. While working, try to avoid damaging large roots. After turning, break up the soil clods, mix the topsoil with organic fertilizer, and then refill the root zone. Cover the area with a layer of soil to encourage natural weathering. Water thoroughly after the operation to ensure the deeply turned soil is well saturated.
2. Ridge cultivation. In orchards prone to diseases like rust or salt accumulation, ridge farming is an effective technique to reduce pests, manage salinity, and boost apricot yields. When creating ridges, you can also bury the residue from summer pruning under the soil. It’s also beneficial to apply some compound and organic fertilizer to the tree rows first. When forming the ridges, make sure the layer buried is no more than 10 cm thick. The ridge width should start at about 120 cm and gradually widen over time, but the final height should not exceed 25 cm.
On either side of the ridge, dig shallow trenches—about 15 cm deep and 25 cm wide. These trenches help in applying quick-acting fertilizers and managing irrigation and drainage efficiently.
3. Intercropping. Implementing proper intercropping in apricot orchards can maximize land use, improve soil fertility, and help control erosion and weed growth.
Intercropping should focus on nitrogen-fixing, low-growing legumes. As the apricot trees grow older, the yield from intercropped plants may decline. To suppress weeds, consider using green manure crops that can be tilled back into the soil or used as mulch. These crops enhance organic matter in the soil, improve its structure, and ultimately increase overall soil quality.