1. Bud cutting is a crucial technique used to artificially manage plant growth and development. By removing excess buds, only a few strong ones are left, allowing the plant to concentrate its nutrients on these buds, which then develop into strong stems and a healthy root system. This process also helps eliminate rot, old roots, and pests, effectively controlling diseases. In most regions of the country, bud cutting is done in spring, while in Xinjiang, it's performed in the fall. It's important not to delay the procedure in spring, but it shouldn't be done too early either. The method involves digging around the rhizome to expose the old roots, then using a wooden knife to remove the outer soil. A sharp bud-cutting knife is then used to cut off 1.5 to 2 cm of new rhizomes or rotten roots from the old and new rhizomes, leaving 5 to 8 strong buds at the base. The knife must be sharp, and care should be taken not to damage the root stems. After cutting, the plant should be dried for 1 to 2 hours before being covered with soil again.

2. Seedlings and Dingmiao: Once the plants are lifted from the ground, they begin to sprout, reaching about 20 cm in height as seedlings. The number of seedlings depends on factors such as soil fertility, variety, spacing, and plant structure. Typically, 2 to 3 plants are planted per plot in large, raised beds to ensure optimal growth and yield.

3. Training vines and thinning leaves: When the seedlings reach a height of 40 to 60 cm, the vines should be tied to the trellis using thin ropes or plastic strings, following their natural growth pattern. This should be done every 3 to 5 days. It’s best to perform this task on a sunny day when the plants are slightly wilted to prevent branch breakage. Once the seedlings grow to about 2 meters, the lower side vines and dense, overlapping, or diseased branches should be thinned out to promote strong main vine growth and reduce disease risk.

4. Watering is essential during the growing season and before winter, as water shortages can negatively affect plant growth and yield. Especially during the flowering stage, sufficient irrigation is critical. In Xinjiang, it is recommended to irrigate the plants approximately 7 to 8 times throughout the entire growth period.

5. Fertilization can be combined with irrigation. At the seedling stage, apply 10 to 15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per acre. During the budding and flowering stages, apply 8 to 10 kg per mu. Before winter, apply organic fertilizer at a rate of about 3000 kg per mu to enrich the soil and support long-term plant health.

6. Cultivation and weeding should be done promptly after each irrigation or rainfall. In the early and late stages of growth, the soil should be cultivated deeply, but during the flowering period, shallow cultivation is preferred to avoid damaging the roots and affecting the final yield.

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