(a) Examine the milk to determine if it was manually squeezed. A pregnant cow will produce milk that has a honey-like color, is soft and does not flow easily. If the milk is white and flows naturally, the cow is likely not pregnant. (b) Check the udder for signs of swelling. A pregnant cow will have a noticeably swollen udder with firm, upright teats. If the udder is not swollen and the teats are soft or drooping, the cow is probably not pregnant. (c) Observe the cow’s eyes. A pregnant cow may show visible vertical blood vessels on the iris, often referred to as "pregnancy blood vessels." These vessels appear more prominent and are usually purple-red in color. In non-pregnant cows, these vessels are less noticeable or absent. (d) Inspect the mouth. Open the cow’s mouth and look at the tissue under the tongue. If it appears bright red, the cow is likely pregnant. If it is pale pink or light pink, the cow is probably not pregnant. (e) Apply pressure to the belly. Stand on the left side of the cow, facing its rear. Support the cow’s back with your left hand, and gently press on the left side of the abdomen with your right hand. If you feel movement or a sensation of something touching your hand, it may indicate pregnancy. (f) Perform an alcohol test. Take 100 milliliters of fresh milk from the cow and place it in a clean glass container. Add 1 milliliter of 95% medical alcohol and mix thoroughly. Within 5 minutes, if the milk clumps or forms lumps (agglutination), the cow is likely pregnant. If no change occurs within 5 minutes, but agglutination happens after 30 minutes, the cow is probably not pregnant. (g) Observe the tail. A pregnant cow may not move its tail much. When the vulva is covered, the tail may hang to one side. If the tail is positioned vertically over the middle, it may indicate that the cow is not pregnant. These methods are commonly used by farmers and veterinarians to estimate whether a cow is pregnant. However, for accurate results, it's always best to consult a professional or use modern diagnostic tools like ultrasound or blood tests.

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