With the improvement of the people's living standards, flower bonsai is increasingly entering the family. It can be used as a bonsai for people to appreciate, but also provide a certain number of fruits, potted fruit trees suddenly rise, more and more people's favorite, the prospect is bright.
1. The selection of flower pots The flower pots should be selected for good ventilation, which is conducive to root growth, and inexpensive pots, barrels, and wooden boxes. The shape is mainly round. In a variety of texture containers, it is most suitable to plant fruit trees. The size of the flowerpot can be determined according to the needs. Generally, the indoor caliber can be 25-45cm and the height is 20-35cm.
2. Pendulum soil configuration Pendulum soil suitable for fruit tree growth is generally neutral, sandy loam soil or sandy soil rich in humus. Its preparation methods are various and can be used locally. Now introduce several kinds: 1 rich fertile soil 6 copies, 2 copies of river sand, cooked sheep feces, 1 mash of leaves and horseshoe fermented fertilizer 1, according to the proportion of mixing, sieving. 25 parts of compost soil, 2.5 parts of garden soil, 2.5 parts of sandy soil, and 0.5 to 1 kg of 25% potassium, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per cubic meter were mixed and mixed. 3 4 pieces of garden soil, 3 pieces of humus soil, 2 pieces of fine yarn, 1 piece of plant ash, fully mixed and sieved.
3. In the upper pot, seedlings with strong plants, full shoots, and no pest damage are planted in the spring before budding. Before planting, roots should be repaired, necrotic roots should be cut, lateral roots should be trimmed, and long lateral roots should be cut short. Develop fibrous roots, try to retain useful fibrous roots, cut off about 20cm of long fibrous roots, and sterilize with 5 degree lime sulfur. When planting, put a few pieces of shredded tiles on the bottom hole of the pot, add a layer of coarse sand, add some nutritious soil, put the seedlings, place the roots evenly, and then add enough nutritious soil to compact and pour enough water. And cover the film.
4. Fertilizer and Water Management Potted fruit trees are limited in their root growth, and their nutrient absorption can not meet the needs of fruit tree growth. Therefore, special attention must be paid to fertilizer and water management. Fertilization should be dominated by organic fertilizers, supplemented by quick-acting fertilizers, based on the principle of less application of multiple times, combined with top-dressing. Generally, the diluted organic fertilizer is applied every 7 to 10 days during the growth period, and the urea solution may be alternately applied 2 to 3 times with the organic fertilizer in the early stage. In the last fertilization in September, a small amount of nitrogen and potassium may be applied to the potted soil in the last month. Fertilizer, wells with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.3% urea for extra-root fertilizer, in order to ensure nutrient supply.
The growth period of potted fruit trees is to maintain a certain degree of humidity in pots and soil, and water should be promptly after drying, but it should not be too wet. In the morning and evening of summer, the water is poured one at a time, and the water is poured every other day in autumn. The dormancy period must be strictly controlled to watering, and the basin soil is only dry.
Change basin: As the nutrients in the potted soil are washed out in frequent watering, 2 to 3 years later, the nutrients in the pots and soils are seriously deficient. When changing basins, first use bamboo to make a circle along the inner wall of the basin, turn the basin upside down, make it pour out, and then use the knife to cut the old soil and root system 2~3cm thick outside the soil, and then use the nutrient soil Put the soiled fruit tree into the new pot, add enough nutritious soil, compact and pour enough water.
5. The choice of crown control and shaping tree: The potted fruit tree can be used as a natural round-shaped, tower-shaped, double-branched antler-shaped, single-sided cliff-shaped shape according to individual preferences and the growth characteristics of the planted tree species. Weeping willow shape, dragon curve shape, etc. are beneficial to the results, but also have a tree of aesthetic appreciation value.
Crown control pruning: The success or failure of fruit tree bonsai cultivation, the crown control technology plays a key role, through the dwarfing of the organic combination of the anvil and short twig varieties, plus early fruit propulsion technology applications such as ring cutting, wipe buds, Take heart, pull branches, etc., appropriately increase the load, retraction and other technologies to control the crown. The trees can also be dwarfed by chemical control techniques. During the growth period, the plant growth inhibitors such as chlormequat, PBO, and paclobutrazol are sprayed for 2 to 3 times, so that the branches are thick, the internodes are shorter, and the plants are dwarfed.
6. Fruit and Fruit Management Most fruit trees have the characteristics of self-nutrition or low self-cultivation rate. They can improve the fruit setting rate by grafting pollination branches, artificial pollination, spraying boron during flowering period and other measures. For bonsai with a large number of flower buds and a large number of fruit set, strict fruit thinning and fruit thinning should be carried out. In order to improve fruit quality and the ornamental value of potted fruit trees, fruit bags can be bagged, and stickers and decals can be applied 15 to 30 days before fruit ripening.
7. Diseases and Insect Pests Prevention Potted fruit trees are well-managed and have good ventilation, light transmission, robust growth, and less pests and diseases. In prevention and control, we must adhere to the principle of "prevention first, prevention and control, physical prevention and control, and chemical control as the supplement." In the event of pests and diseases, timely removal of diseased branches, diseased fruits, diseased leaves, scraping of lesions, and artificial capture of pests. When severe pests and diseases occur, they can be sprayed with 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 times or 65% zeocin WP 500 times to prevent disease. With 2.5% fluctuating 1800 times liquid, 20% white locust 2000 times liquid to control aphids, red spider and other pests.
8, cold winter fruit bonsai in the winter does not occur in the case of frost damage, generally not indoors winter, let it sleep in the winter outside the natural winter. In order to prevent freezing damage, you can pour water once before the soil is frozen. Then use a straw bag to wrap the whole container in cold weather, and you can also dig trenches for burial.
Author: Jining City Economic Forest Management Station

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