The Occurrence and Control of Bacterial Scars in Dongzao County Li Fuyou, Zhanhua County Plant Protection Station Winter date bacterial scab is a new and popular bacterial disease in recent years. It invaded Zhanhua winter jujube leaves, jujube hanging, jujube head and other parts, resulting in broken jujube hanging, falling leaves, fruit drop. In severe cases, buds often cannot be formed, and a large number of leaves fall off, which directly affects the fruit set rate of winter jujube and becomes the enemy of Zhanhua winter date production. Due to the serious situation in recent years, the production of Zhanhua Dongzao has caused great harm. I. Pathogens of bacterial scab The disease was initially identified as a bacterial disease by experts from the relevant institutions and scientific research institutions such as Laiyang Agricultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Binzhou Plant Protection Station. Professor Zheng Jifa of Plant Protection College of Shandong Agricultural University and researcher of Liuzhou Development of Plant Protection Station of Binzhou City studied and identified the pathogenic bacteria that cause the disease as three types: one is Xanthomonas Campestirs (Pammel) Dowson in Xanthomonas spp. ], also known as Cabbage black rot pathogen, the main harm jujube hanging; the second is Pseudomonas cepacia Burkholder, mainly caused by jujube tender shoot poisoning, and the other is Pseudomonas spp (Pseudomonas sp ) Mainly caused the jujube leaf blight. There are certain differences in the symptoms of these pathogens, but the harm is basically the same. Second, symptoms: (1) The date of jujube hanging: The onset time is from May to June. The main symptoms are longitudinal cracks in jujube hanging and large amount of fallen leaves. At the early stage of disease, similar linear protrusions with light to white bulging slightly appear longitudinally on the jujube crane. After the cracking, the strain appears thick, showing a crack (see figure), weakening the tree vigor and seriously affecting the fruit setting and development of the jujube. In the late stage of onset, the diseased parts of jujube hangs water, some jujube cranes break, and buds fall off. In the event of serious occurrence, buds are less or even buds are not formed, and the fruit setting rate is significantly reduced, and even fruit cannot stand. In the later period, the jujube hangs dry, and the jujube hangs on to the fruit that was housed. Due to malnutrition, the quality is greatly affected (see figure). (2) Jujube hair disease: often causes the jujube head to bend, the growth point loses the top advantage, can not form a strong jujube head, a greater impact on the development of the tree. In the late stage of disease, with the growth and development of the tree, the formation of dry scars (see figure). (3) Symptoms of leaf disease: The onset of jujube leaf generally begins in June. The site of infection at the initial stage of the disease is the leaf veins of the leaves. At the time of initial infection, light brown lesions appeared in the veins and gradually spread along the veins, turning brown or black, accompanied by overflow of bacteria. After the fungus has air-dried, black bacilli are formed, resembling the fungal pathogen. With the constant infection and spread of scab, veins of necrosis, the leaf surface of leaf veins began to appear water stains, gradually dry, forming a "border", and a large number of fall off (Figure), so people call it "border disease". Third, the incidence of the law: The disease is a newly discovered disease in recent years. At present, some reasons for overwintering and onset are unknown. According to the time of onset and the characteristics of the infection, it is believed that the point of infection that causes the disease is related to sucking-type insects, such as blind deafness. It has been observed that the jujube germination to the young fruit period (late May to mid-June) has a large amount of rain, and the soil moisture content is too high, which can easily lead to the epidemic of this disease. Fourth, prevention and control strategies and comprehensive prevention and control measures: According to the infection characteristics and the law of occurrence of bacterial scab, it is necessary to conscientiously implement the plant protection policy of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control,†and comprehensively apply agricultural, physical, and chemical prevention and control measures, and strive to cultivate trees from healthy cultivation. To improve the disease resistance of jujube trees, to cooperate with effective drugs, to grasp favorable opportunities, and to focus on the prevention and control of sucking mouthpart pests such as blindfolds and elephants, and to actively prevent and cure bacterial scab. (a) Agricultural measures: 1. Fertilize fertility, improve soil, strive to improve soil organic matter content, increase the use of organic fertilizers and potash fertilizers, and in particular eliminate and reduce the use of quick-acting fertilizers, and in the long-term, create a favorable environment for the growth and development of winter jujube trees; It is the use of fertilizers before flowering to eliminate large amounts of pure and readily available nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers such as urea and phosphoric acid diamines. It fully coordinates the relationship between nutrition and reproductive growth, and strives to create conditions that are not conducive to the occurrence of diseases. 2. Pay attention to timely watering: The use of pre-harvest water can not only meet the fruit set requirements of winter jujube, but also reduce the degree of infection of flowering diseases. The flowering period and young fruit period are the peak period of bacterial scab, and it is particularly Pay attention to avoiding water in the flowering and fruit-setting stages, reducing soil moisture during the peak period of attack, and working hard to create environmental conditions that are not conducive to disease occurrence. (b) Chemical control measures: 1. Do a good job in the spring buds off the front, do a good job of prevention and control of overwintering pests and diseases, and reduce the number of insects: Before sprouting (from the end of March to the beginning of April) spray the tree with 3-5 degrees lime sulfur once. 2. In the end of April, we will use DuPont Wanling 2000 times liquid with 40% Fuxing 80000x liquid or Tepuzi 2000x liquid spray for the environmental protection of Su Tian, ​​and prevent and control pests and overwintering diseases such as blind warts and thrips in early spring. 3ã€According to the law of occurrence of bacterial scab, from the germination start, combined with prevention and control of blind stink bugs, use 90% Dupont Wanling powder 3000 times or 50% ultra-fast 1500 times, plus 72% agricultural streptomycin 500PPM or add Longke, Kekang, etc. for prevention and treatment. The medicine should be administered every 5-7 days according to the specific conditions of the field.
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