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Victoria Muskmelon is a hybrid developed by an Australian company, known for its delicious taste and high market value. This medium-sized melon features a golden-yellow rind and a vibrant green flesh that is sweet and refreshing. It is typically grown in warm winter greenhouses and harvested early in the spring, with the first market availability around early May. The price ranges from 4 to 5 yuan per kilogram, and farmers can achieve a net income of approximately 5,800 to 6,700 yuan per 1/15 hectares.
The cultivation process involves several key steps. First, sowing in winter greenhouses usually takes place between mid-December and late January, with planting done from late January to early February. For arch sheds, planting starts in early March, and the seedling period is best during late January to early February.
For nursery preparation, a small greenhouse is used with seedbeds measuring 5 meters long and 1.2 meters wide. A heating cable with a power of 100-120 W/m² can be installed at the bottom. Nutrient soil is made by mixing 6 parts of fertile topsoil with 4 parts of decomposed chicken manure, then adding 1 kg of diammonium phosphate, 1 kg of potassium sulfate, 60 grams of trichlorfon, and 80 grams of insecticide per cubic meter. After thorough mixing, it is left to ferment for 10-15 days before being placed into plastic pots and watered evenly.
Before sowing, seeds are soaked in 55°C warm water for 10 minutes, then in 30°C water for 6 hours. They are wrapped in wet gauze and kept at 28-30°C for germination over three days. Three to four days before planting, the seedbed temperature should be above 18°C. Each germinated seed is planted with one seed, covered with 1-1.5 cm of soil, and the bed is covered with a film to maintain daytime temperatures of 28-32°C and nighttime temperatures of 17-20°C. Once the plants emerge, the temperature is slightly reduced to 22-25°C during the day and 15-17°C at night. After true leaves appear, the temperature is increased to 25-28°C during the day and 17-18°C at night. If the greenhouse temperature exceeds 28°C, proper ventilation is necessary.
Planting is done after the ground temperature stabilizes above 14°C, and seedlings are hardened off before transplanting. A mixture of 3,000-3,500 kg of decomposed chicken manure, 50 kg of diammonium phosphate, 30 kg of potassium sulfate, and 3 kg of phoxim is applied and mixed thoroughly. The field is then turned, and the fertilizer is buried. Muskmelons prefer ridge planting with large row spacing of 90 cm, small row spacing of 60 cm, and ridge height of 25 cm. Seedlings are planted on the ridges with a spacing of 40 cm, resulting in about 1,800 plants per 1/15 hectares. After planting, the seedlings are watered adequately and covered with a plastic film and a small arch to help increase the temperature.
After planting, temperature management is crucial. Before flowering, the greenhouse temperature should be maintained at 25-30°C during the day and 16-18°C at night. Ventilation is required when the temperature reaches 32°C. After fruit set, the daytime temperature should be 28-32°C, not exceeding 35°C, and nighttime temperatures should be 15-18°C, maintaining a temperature difference of 10-15°C. Sufficient light is also essential to improve sugar accumulation and fruit quality.
Pruning and vine training are important for optimal growth. Double-vine pruning is recommended, where the main vine is topped at 4-5 leaves, promoting 3-4 side vines. Two healthy vines are retained, while the rest are removed. When the vines reach 5-6 leaves, they are trained along a plastic rope and wound as they grow. Artificial pollination can be used, selecting female flowers with two leaves remaining. Any vines without female flowers are promptly removed. The vines are topped at 20-22 leaves, and only one melon is allowed per plant. Once the melon reaches about 500 grams, it should be hoisted using a rope tied near the stem, keeping it level with the existing melon to prevent falling.
Fertilizer and irrigation management is critical. After planting, the first watering is done, followed by 15-20 kg of urea during the extension period, and 15 kg of NPK fertilizer. Watering follows fertilization. During the week after flowering, watering is controlled to prevent excessive vine growth that may affect fruit setting. During the swelling stage, the largest amount of fertilizer is needed. Apply 30 kg of potassium sulfate and 250 kg of chicken manure, and water every 7-10 days based on soil moisture. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound fertilizer can be sprayed 2-3 times to promote growth. Watering is strictly limited 10 days before maturity to avoid cracking, which can reduce sugar content and affect flavor.
Disease and pest control is essential. For aphids and leaf miners, use 50% anti-influx diluted 2000 times or Nonghaha 3000 times. Downy mildew can be prevented with 72% Kelu 1000 times or metalaxyl manganese 500 times. For powdery mildew, 20% triadimefon 1500 times is effective. Fungal lesions can be treated with thiophanate paste. For other diseases, 70% thiophanate 700 times or 77% can kill 500 times can be used.
Harvesting is timely, taking 35-45 days from flowering to maturity. The melon is ready when the skin turns golden yellow. Harvest by cutting the fruit stalk to keep it fresh and attractive, then pack and market through Sinotrans or sell immediately.