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If cotton plants are submerged for more than three days or soaked for over seven days, the roots will begin to rot and turn yellow, while the outer leaves may die off. In such cases, the survival rate of the seedlings is extremely low, and replanting is usually necessary. Within two to three days after the water recedes, it's important to retain more than 500 healthy cotton plants per acre. If intercropped with soybeans, corn, or sesame, these crops should also be preserved. However, if fewer than 500 viable cotton plants remain per acre, replanting should be done as soon as possible.
After a flood, the cotton roots often suffer damage, turning yellow and developing water-stained tips. To help the plants recover, a series of stress-reduction measures should be implemented: drainage must be prioritized, the soil should be loosened early, fertilization should be increased, pests controlled effectively, topping should be delayed, and pruning should be carried out to promote healthier growth.
Immediately following the flood, field ditches should be cleaned to improve drainage. Deepening the ditches and expanding the drainage channels can help lower the groundwater level quickly, reducing waterlogging and supporting normal plant development. At the same time, it’s crucial to wash away silt and debris from the leaves and stems to restore photosynthesis and ensure the plants can function properly again.
Flood-damaged cotton plants often have weakened root systems, making them prone to lodging. Timely support should be provided to prevent further damage and reduce boll loss. Within one week after removing standing water, the soil around the roots should be loosened, and any compacted layers removed to improve permeability and aid root recovery. Light cultivation and raising the plant height can also enhance the plant’s resilience and lodging resistance.
For less severely damaged cotton plants, timely re-introduction of nutrients is essential. If the damage is significant, start by applying about 10 kg of urea per mu to restore the plants’ health. Then, adjust the timing of fertilizer application—delaying the use of flower and boll fertilizer, and focusing on potassium and specialized cotton fertilizers, both organic and inorganic, to encourage strong root development and rapid regrowth of buds and flowers.
Once the plants show signs of recovery, adjust the growth control strategy accordingly. If growth is stunted, reduce the amount of fertilizer or delay the timing of pruning based on the condition of the seedlings.
The topping of flooded cotton should also be postponed. Since many buds may have been lost and the growth peak delayed, it’s recommended to delay topping by about five days compared to the usual schedule. This helps increase boll production and promote the formation of autumn fruiting branches.
Pest control becomes even more critical after a flood. The plants are already weakened, and the risk of pest infestation increases. Diseases like cotton wilt and verticillium wilt, along with pests like the blind bug, tend to become more severe after heavy rains. A coordinated effort to manage these pests is essential, especially targeting the third generation of cotton bollworms and blind locusts.
Post-flood management is equally important. As the plants recover, careful attention should be given to their development to maximize self-regulation and minimize yield losses. During this period, pruning should be intensified to reduce the number of new shoots and axillary buds, thus conserving nutrients and ensuring adequate resources for later flowering and boll formation.