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Victoria Muskmelon is a hybrid developed by an Australian company, known for its sweet and refreshing flavor. The fruit is medium-sized with a golden yellow rind and vibrant green flesh. It is typically grown in warm winter greenhouses, ready for harvest in early May, with a market price of 4-5 yuan per kilogram. On average, farmers can earn between 5,800 to 6,700 yuan per 1/15 hectares, making it a profitable crop.
The cultivation process begins with sowing in late December to early January in heated greenhouses, while arch sheds are planted in early March. Seedlings are prepared in small greenhouse nurseries, with seedbeds measuring 5 meters long and 1.2 meters wide. A heating system with 100-120 W/m² is installed at the bottom for warmth. Nutrient soil is made by mixing 6 parts of fertile topsoil with 4 parts of decomposed chicken manure, plus 1 kg of diammonium phosphate, 1 kg of potassium sulfate, 60 grams of trichlorfon, and 80 grams of insecticide per cubic meter. This mixture is left to ferment for 10-15 days before being placed into plastic pots.
Before sowing, seeds are soaked in 55°C water for 10 minutes, then in 30°C water for 6 hours. They are wrapped in wet gauze and kept at 28-30°C for germination over 3 days. Three to four days before planting, the seedbed temperature is raised above 18°C. Each germinated seed is sown individually, covered with 1-1.5 cm of soil, and the bed is covered with plastic to maintain warmth. Daytime temperatures should be 28-32°C, and nighttime temperatures 17-20°C. After the seedlings emerge, temperatures are gradually reduced to 22-25°C during the day and 15-17°C at night. Once true leaves appear, temperatures are increased to 25-28°C during the day and 17-18°C at night. If the greenhouse temperature exceeds 28°C, proper ventilation is essential.
Planting takes place when the ground temperature stabilizes above 14°C, and seedlings have four leaves. Before planting, 3000-3500 kg of decomposed chicken manure, 50 kg of diammonium phosphate, 30 kg of potassium sulfate, and 3 kg of phoxim are mixed into the soil. A solution of 0.5 kg of thiophanate (diluted 50 times) is also applied. Melons are planted on ridges with a large row spacing of 90 cm and a small row spacing of 60 cm. Each plant is spaced 40 cm apart, with approximately 1,800 plants per 1/15 hectares. Seedlings are carefully planted, ensuring cotyledons remain above the soil, and plenty of water is given immediately after planting. A plastic film is then placed over the beds to help raise the temperature.
After planting, maintaining proper temperature is crucial. Before flowering, daytime temperatures should be 25-30°C, and nighttime temperatures 16-18°C. When the greenhouse reaches 32°C, ventilation is necessary. After fruit set, daytime temperatures should be 28-32°C, and nighttime temperatures 15-18°C, with a temperature difference of 10-15°C to enhance sugar accumulation. Sufficient light is also important for improving fruit quality.
Pruning and vine management play a key role in maximizing yield. Double vine pruning is recommended, with the main vine topped at 4-5 leaves to encourage 3-4 side vines. Two healthy vines are retained, while the rest are removed. Vines are trained along ropes as they grow. Artificial pollination is encouraged by selecting female flowers from 8-12 o'clock. After picking, two leaves are left on the sun vine, and any non-flowering vines are removed. The main vine is topped at 20-22 leaves, and one melon is left per vine. When the melon reaches about 500 grams, it is lifted using a rope to prevent falling.
Fertilization and irrigation must be carefully managed. After planting, the first irrigation is done, followed by 15-20 kg of urea and 15 kg of NPK fertilizer. Water is applied after fertilizing. During the flowering stage, watering is limited to avoid excessive vine growth. During the fruit swelling period, 30 kg of potassium sulfate and 250 kg of chicken manure are added. Water is applied every 7-10 days depending on soil conditions. A foliar spray of potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound fertilizer can be used 2-3 times during the growing season. Ten days before maturity, watering is strictly controlled to prevent cracking and maintain flavor and quality.
Pest and disease control is essential. Aphids and leaf miners can be controlled using 50% anti-influx diluted 2000 times or Nonghaha 3000 times. Downy mildew is prevented with 72% Kelu diluted 1000 times or metalaxyl manganese at 500 times. For other diseases, 70% thiophanate diluted 700 times or 77% chlorothalonil 500 times is used. For stem lesions, thiophanate is applied as a paste. Powdery mildew is controlled with 20% triadimefon diluted 1500 times.
Harvesting occurs 35-45 days after flowering, when the fruit turns golden yellow. The melons are cut with their stems to keep them fresh and attractive. They are then packaged and marketed through Sinotrans or sold locally.