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Jujube trees are resilient, adaptable, and thrive in warm conditions. They are drought-tolerant and resistant to many pests, including earthworms. These trees can grow in a wide range of soils, from sandy to clay, and even in low-alkali or saline-alkali lands, as well as hilly and high mountain areas. The pH level is not overly strict, with optimal growth between 5.5 and 8.5. However, for the best results, deep, fertile, and loose soil is recommended. Fertilization should be tailored to the tree’s growth cycle, ensuring timely application to maximize nutrient absorption, support growth, and enhance both yield and fruit quality.
The first key fertilization stage is pre-emergence topdressing, also known as germination fertilizer. In northern jujube-growing regions, this is typically done in early April. Each tree receives about 1.5 kg of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, especially in orchards where no basal fertilizer was applied in the fall. This step is crucial, as it promotes bud development, supports flower bud differentiation, and improves flowering and fruit set. During the early growth phase, competition for nutrients among different parts of the tree is intense, and without sufficient stored nutrients, the tree may struggle with poor flowering and fruit development. This topdressing ensures the tree has enough nutrition to support healthy growth and increase yield.
Next comes the flowering period, when jujube trees undergo multiple flower bud differentiation phases. The process is long, and the tree uses a lot of energy during flowering, often leading to flower and fruit drop due to nutrient deficiency. Applying nutrients during this time helps improve fruit setting rates and supports fruit development. Foliar spraying of urea is commonly used, allowing quick absorption and immediate nutritional support.
The third stage is the fruit development period. After the initial fruit drop, fruits grow rapidly, and cell division is critical in the early stages. Proper nutrition during this time ensures that cells divide properly and later expand, directly affecting fruit size and yield. If nutrients are lacking, fruit development may be stunted, leading to fruit drop. Topdressing in mid-July is essential, with a mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to support fruit growth and improve quality.
The fourth stage involves topdressing in August and September. This is vital for promoting fruit growth before maturity, increasing fruit weight, and helping the tree store nutrients for the next season. Late-season fertilization benefits both current yield and future growth. A combination of nitrogen with some phosphorus and potassium is typically used.
Finally, basal fertilization in autumn before harvest is highly recommended. At this time, leaves are still efficient at photosynthesis, and the temperature differences between day and night help accumulate organic nutrients for the next year’s flower and fruit development. Autumn fertilization should focus on organic materials like compost and manure, with some fast-acting fertilizers added to meet the tree’s needs.