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Matrix culture seedling management simplifies the process, reduces labor intensity, and lowers overall costs. Instead of traditional methods, a specialized substrate is used for raising seedlings, and root-enhancing agents are applied during the seedbed stage. Before transplanting, roots are soaked to ensure strong and healthy root systems. This method allows for efficient use of greenhouses or vegetable sheds, offering flexible site selection and easier management. Multiple farmers can collaborate in growing seedlings, or large-scale greenhouses can be utilized for mass production. The matrix, rooting agent, and leaf protection agent are all national invention patents developed by the Cotton Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
Strong seedling standards are essential for successful cultivation. Seedlings should be 25–30 days old when sown early, and 20–25 days when sown later. They should have 2–3 true leaves, with a height of 15–20 cm. At least 50% of the stems should be red before transplanting, and the cotyledons must be intact with no signs of disease. Leaves should be dark green, stems thick, and roots dense and well-developed.
Technical standards include mixing clean river sand with the matrix in a 1:1.2 volume ratio or 1:10 weight ratio. The seedbed should be covered with plastic film, with a uniform layer of 10 cm of substrate. Sowing spacing is set at 10 cm, with a grain spacing of 1.4–1.8 cm and a planting depth of 3 cm. The moisture content of the seedbed should be around 30%.
Before sowing, it’s important to prepare enough seeds from locally recommended varieties that meet or exceed the national standard GB 15671-1995. A 10% surplus is usually prepared to account for any losses. Supplies such as substrates, root enhancers, and leaf protectants should be available. Nursery boxes and racks must also be ready in greenhouses or solar greenhouses for multi-layer seedling cultivation.
When constructing the seedbed, choose a location that is sunny, elevated, and well-drained. The area should support about 500 seedlings per square meter, depending on the transplant density. Beds should be raised above ground level, with a 10–12 cm high border and a 10 cm thick base. Each bed should be 14 meters wide, 0.7 meters deep, and 0.1 meters in width. For large-scale operations, multi-tier nursery boxes can be arranged based on greenhouse height.
Sowing should be done in batches to match transplanting capacity. Water the substrate thoroughly before sowing, ensuring it reaches 29–33% moisture. Use a ruler to space rows 10 cm apart, and sow one seed per hole with a spacing of 1.4–1.8 cm. After sowing, cover the seeds with substrate and smooth the bed. Cover the bed with plastic film, and remove it once the seedlings emerge to prevent overheating.
Seedling management involves watering with root solution, maintaining proper temperature (around 25°C), and ventilating to avoid tall, weak plants. Watering should be controlled, with 3–4 waterings during the seedling period. Weeding and pest control are also essential to maintain healthy growth.
Before transplanting, open the sunroof to allow direct sunlight and promote red stem development. Stop watering 7–10 days before lifting to harden off the seedlings. Spray a leaf protection agent 1–2 days before transplanting.
If transplanting is delayed, seedlings may need to be controlled. Reduce watering, perform "pseudo planting" by lifting and re-spacing the seedlings, or spray a diluted amine solution to manage growth effectively.
The comprehensive nursery base and cycling seedling technology center around matrix-based seedling techniques. It supports various crop rotations, including vegetables, cotton, flowers, corn, rice, and more, allowing for efficient and sustainable agricultural practices.