Stingray Pelteo bagrus fulvdrace (Richardson), commonly known as the crucian carp, Huang Lading, yellow fin fish, etc., is a fish with a wide temperature tolerance. The fish has a wide distribution, large yield, tender meat, less thorns, a lot of fat, delicious taste, and high nutritional value. It is very popular in domestic and foreign markets, especially the large-size fresh fish are in short supply, and in natural waters, Stingray has a slow growth rate and has a small market size, which has affected the market development to some extent. In recent years, the farming of stingrays has been gradually promoted throughout the country, and has received good results. There are four key periods in stingray breeding. The summary report is as follows:

First, the broodstock cultivation period

1. The broodstock was collected as a broodstock, and its body color was required to be plump, robust, and disease-free without injury. The age was more than 2 years of age, males were above 14.8cm, females were above l1.7cm, and the ratio of male to female was l:1. .5. When selecting male and female broodstock, pay attention to reasonable identification. The best time to collect broodstock is in the winter of the previous year.
2. The broodstock collected by broodstock can be sterilized with 2% to 3% saline for 10 to 15 minutes and then placed in a special pool for cultivation. The pond area is more than 2 mu and the water depth should be about 1.5m. The bottom of the pool is required to be flat, and the water quality has a certain degree of fatness. The transparency of the pool water is about 30cm. In the pond, plants such as acacia and black-leaf algae can be planted to provide broodstock with food organisms and habitats; some can also be nested to make full use of water bodies and provide bait organisms for stingrays. During the broodstock breeding period, small fish, shrimp or grated snails, oysters, etc. can be fed, and salmon feed can also be fed together with animal feed such as snails and clams. During the broodstock breeding process, flush water once every 2 to 3 days to promote gonad development.

Second, fry cultivation period

The yellow sturgeon fish seedlings are reared in breeding ponds for 20 to 30 days and can reach the summer flower size of 2 to 3 cm in length. During the fry incubation period, the required pond area is 1 to 2 mu, the water depth is about lm, the pH is 7 to 8, and the dissolved oxygen is above 5 mg/L. It requires that the pond water be strictly sterilized.
The best palatal food organisms in the early pond fish fry are rotifers, invertebrate larvae, or small clam horns, so the fish should be splashed with manure l 50 ~ 300kg/mu in front of the pond. When the fry reaches a body length of 0.9-1.0cm, a small amount of formulated feed can be fed and fed twice a day. The daily feeding amount accounts for 3%-5% of the total weight of the fish, but it must be applied timely to make the fry. There are always abundant food habits.

Third, fish breeding period

The cultivation of fingerlings is to cultivate large-scale fish species with a body length of 5-6 cm. It requires the cultivation of a pool area of ​​2 mu or more, adequate water supply, good water quality, and a stocking density of 10 to 15 tails/m2.
In the breeding process, one must feed scientifically. Because stingrays have a habit of feeding in groups, they should set up a feed stand in the pond, feed the feed on the feed table, and feed them 2 to 3 times a day. The daily feeding amount is about 5% of the total weight of the fish body, and the content of crude protein spray in the feed is more than 40%; secondly, timely transfer of water, regular water addition, water change, reasonable fertilization, guarantee of fresh water, adequate dissolved oxygen, The bait is rich in cattle, and if necessary, the aerator is used to increase oxygen. The third is to regularly sterilize. Every two weeks, use lime or bleach to disinfect the feed table, and you can also add antibiotics and other drugs to the feed to ensure the survival rate of the fish.

Fourth, adult fish breeding period

1. Pond master
(1) Selection of ponds Small scattered ponds with an area of ​​2 to 5 should be selected to have sufficient water sources and the water quality meets the aquaculture water standards. The pond is convenient for drainage and drainage, and the bottom of the pool is flat to ensure the l. 5 ~ 2.0m water depth, while the requirements of the sand ponds with the best sand quality, bottom sludge control at l0cm or so, and the water and fertilizer retention is good. Finally, each pond must be equipped with mechanical equipment such as aerators and pumps.
(2) Disinfection and fertilization Before stocking, both old and new ponds must be cleaned and disinfected. The old pond should be cleared of excessive silt, only l0cm can be kept, and l50kg/mu of dry lime can be used to clear the pond, completely killing the parasites, pathogens and wild fish. l After the week of drying, the water shall reach 80cm deep, and the inlet shall be set with a 30-mesh sieve to prevent the entry of wild fish and eggs. Fermented organic manure fertilizer and water are used, with an amount of l50-200kg/mu. After the zooplankton has a large number of zooplankton, the fish species will be released.
(3) Large-scale commercial fish stocks are welcomed by the market, so large-sized fingerlings of about 30 g per tail should be stocked for adult fish rearing. The stocking of fingerlings can be flexibly controlled according to pond conditions, management levels, feed supply and fish species specifications. The stocking density of 30g/tailed stingrays is generally about 1,500 tails/mu and can be matched with 50g/kg. The tail is about 200 tails per mu. Stocking stocks require regular specifications, bright color, smooth surface, no disease, no injuries, no fins, and robust physique. Before entering the pool, they must be washed with 5% saline for 10 minutes.
Stingray fingerlings are generally released at the end of April each year, with the spent white bream fingerlings to be released after the stingray has been in the pond for half a month to facilitate the growth of stingrays.
(4) The foods fed by the feedstuffs in the natural waters are mainly small fish, shrimps, fish eggs and some aquatic insects, aquatic plants, etc. Artificial breeding can use live animal feed, such as small fish, shrimp, livestock and poultry processing. Debris, etc., can also be fed to bean cakes, peanut cakes, bran and so on. In general, compound feeds are commonly used for domestication and feeding. Feeds are made of imported fish meal, meat and bone meal, blood meal, soybean meal, vegetable meal, dried fish, and other feed additives. The protein content in the early culture period ranges from 35% to 45% or more. The fat content is between 5% and 8%. In the later period of culture, small trash fish can be used to replace some imported fishmeal, with a protein content of 30% and a fat content of about 6%. Reference formulas are: fish meal 25%, bean cake 20%, vegetable cake 30%, wheat flour 20%, corn flour 3%, minerals 2%, vitamin 0.2%.
(5) Adjust water quality In order to prevent water body aging, water injection is performed once a month in May and June, each time new water is exchanged for 30cm, and water is changed once every two months in June and September, each time the water is changed by about l5cm. The water depth is 1.2 to 1.5 m. At the same time, adhere to regular disinfection, use a 5ppm lime every month to splash the whole pool 1 times to purify and disinfect water quality.
According to the measurement of dissolved oxygen and weather, water quality and other scientific use of oxygen aerator, so that dissolved oxygen is maintained at 3mg / L or more.
(6) Disease Prevention Stingray has a strong ability to resist disease. As long as the water quality is strictly controlled according to the requirements, routine disinfection and prevention are done, and diseases rarely occur. Once the disease occurs, it must be accurately diagnosed and treated accurately.
Since stingrays are scaleless fish, they are less tolerant to common drugs than home fish. Therefore, it is important to prevent the abundance of fish and use highly effective and low-toxic drugs as far as possible. It is recommended to regularly feed medicine baits as a preventive measure. Monthly use of oxytetracycline and rhubarb, Radix et Rhizoma Rhizoma and other traditional Chinese medicines are added in 0.1% to 0.4% of the dosage for 3 to 5 days. In fishing, stocking, and transportation, fish bodies should be avoided as far as possible so as to prevent the infection of aquatic organisms in the early winter and autumn and winter cold seasons.
2. The pond is nested in the pond where there is no special feed for stingrays and there is not enough feed for bait such as small trash fish. The stocking density is 80 to 150 tails/mu. After 5 to 6 months of breeding, the 15g/tail winter piece can grow to l00g/tail, and the production of stingray commercial fish is about 10kg.
3. Cage culture
(1) Farming conditions First, carefully crafted cages. The cages are made of polyethylene. The nets of the nets are generally required to be 2.0 to 3.0 cm, the nets at the bottom are to be 1.5 cm, and the specifications of the cages are to be 12 to 24 m2. The shape of the cages is square or Rectangular, box depth 2.0m.
The second is the placement of cages. The water quality of cages set up in the water area is required to be live and cool, and the dissolved oxygen is high. The cages are submerged into the water for 1 week before the fish species are stocked to make the cage wall adhere to algae and reduce fish scrape. The distance between the cages is 2 to 3 meters. In areas with strong sunlight, shade covers should be added above the cages.
The third is to pay attention to water quality. The water source is required to be adequate, stable and free from any pollution. The depth of water required for the installation of cages should be 2.5 meters or more, and good water quality should be maintained. The transparency of the water body should be more than 30cm, and the amount of water exchanged is not large.
(2) Fish stocking First, the source of the fingerlings must be a regular seedling field production. The specifications are neat, the body color is bright, the body surface is not injured, the physique is robust, the swimming is lively, and the animals are excellent and pure. It is best to use artificially propagated fingerlings. .
Second, the timing of stocking of stingray cultured stingrays generally starts before and after the Spring Festival, and fish species need to be soaked with 5% salt water before they can go down the box.
Third, the stocking density is generally 100 to l50 tails/m2. In addition, it is possible to properly set up some of the head scorpions and sphenopalatopans to fully utilize the food organisms to purify the cage water.
(3) Feed Feeding First, the fed feed must be fresh and free of mildew and no rancidity. It is best to choose full-priced feeds produced by regular manufacturers, and the feed is preferably powdery. When the feed is fed, the feed is transferred into a paste. Put on the feed table of the cage; Second, do a good job of domestication and feeding work, start artificial domestication and feeding after 2 days of entry into the box, and after 5 to 7 days of patience, can be fed normally; 3 is a reasonable investment Feeding, feeding 2 to 3 times a day, feeding the amount of 3% to 5% of the total weight of the fish.
(4) Day-to-day management First, regulate operations, regularly check the growth of fish, carefully observe and analyze the fish, find problems in a timely manner, do a good job of cage culture log, record daily water temperature, feeding, feeding, dead fish and disease related Situation, in order to facilitate the accumulation of experience; Second, often scrub the dirt on the cage and algae, so that the full exchange of water; Third, often check the cage, repair damage found in time to avoid escape fish or ferocious fish into the box; As the water level of the reservoir rises and falls, it is necessary to adjust the cage to a suitable depth in time. Fifth, according to the market conditions and the growth of the fish body, it is timely to take rounds of rotation to maximize the economic benefits.
Cage cultured stingrays are generally sold in batches from the beginning of August.

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