1. Scientifically selecting good-quality dairy cows 1. The varieties of dairy cows have important effects on milk production levels and economic benefits. Now domestic dairy cow breeds have the most black-and-white flowers, and their milk production is the highest among dairy cows of different breeds, but their milk fat percentage is highest. Low; Juanban cattle milk production is low, but the high fat rate. 2. Problems to be Noted When Purchasing Nowadays, many small and medium-sized dairy farms often buy cheap cows and eliminate individuals from dairy farms when they purchase dairy cows. However, these individuals have poor production performance and low economic efficiency. In the long-term, they are not worth the candle. Therefore, when purchasing, it should go to state-owned or collective cattle farms with high standard of management, high reputation and large scale. Attention should be paid to the following points when purchasing: 1. Observing the appearance of a cow Firstly, look at the sensation of cattle, and consider it appropriate for middle age. Do not buy beef cattle. Secondly, look at the outline of the body shape, with the sharp edges of the cattle, good limbs and feet, and wide hindquarters. Then there is a view of the breasts. The breasts should be stretched forward and backward, showing the shape of a bathtub, and the nipples are uniformly distributed. 2. Check the dairy cow's profile. Next, check the dairy cow's profile, including the pedigree file. Case files, epidemic prevention files, etc. Select healthy cows with excellent pedigrees and good records of epidemic files.
Second, the scientific choice of fodder for dairy cows is to supplement the balance, adequate nutrition, if the nutrition is not reasonable, the cow is too thin or too fat, not only will reduce the dairy cow's milk production level, but also will make the cow's disease resistance, conception rate decline. Therefore, attention should be paid to the following points in the selection and preparation of feeds: 1. Diversification of feeds to ensure nutrient balance Due to the limitations of their own conditions, small and medium-sized dairy farms are relatively monotonous, especially in the winter and spring seasons, and there is a serious shortage of high-quality dried grass and green tea. Succulent feed, the feed is mainly corn stalks or even wheat stalks and a small amount of fine material, but in winter and spring it is the milk production peak and adaptation period, the need for high-quality, nutritious, balanced feed, so we must pay attention to the feed Diversify and attach importance to the storage and supply of green hay and green succulent feed. The conditional field can produce some silage corn stalks, grow some carrots and sorghum, buy distiller's grains from wineries, or feed fodder and other feed regularly for cattle. At the same time adjust the nutrient content of the concentrate to meet the production needs of dairy cows. 2. Using scientific formula, timely adjustment of concentrate feed volume The feed formula is designed based on the cow's production level, physiological condition, and external environment at a certain stage. It must be adjusted according to the cow's own status and cannot be changed. Otherwise it will be wasted. Feed, but also affect the production performance. During the lactation period, because the cost of the concentrate accounts for a large proportion of the total feed cost, whether or not the concentrate feed is reasonable is directly related to the amount of milk produced by the dairy cow and the level of economic benefits. In actual production, we can set the base concentrate of adult cows to 2 kg/day, plus milk production, and high-yielding cattle (daily milk production of more than 30 kg) can be weighed between 2 and 2.5 kg of milk/kg of concentrate. Cows (daily milk production 15 to 30 kg) can use 3 kg milk/kg concentrate, and low-yielding cattle (daily milk minimum 15 kg) can use 4 kg milk/kg concentrate. The proportion of concentrates in the diet should generally be less than 50% to ensure that the crude fiber level in the diet is not less than 13%, and if it is necessary to promote milk, it may exceed 60% in the short term. In general, high-yield cattle have less than 10 kilograms of concentrate per day. 3. Application of new technologies to improve the quality of milk The components of milk mainly include milk protein, milk fat, lactose, and crude ash. At present, people are more concerned about milk production and milk fat percentage. The following two issues are discussed. 1 The quality of milk production and the ratio of crude to coarse in the diet have the most significant effect on the amount of milk produced. The quality of feed can greatly increase the amount of milk produced. Trials have proved that the use of corn silage with spikes instead of inferior silage At the time of production, milk production increased by 50%. In addition, injection of growth hormone (BST) can also increase milk production. (2) The study of milk fat rate showed that the milk fat content was mainly affected by the coarse and coarse proportion of the diet. When the coarse and coarse proportion increased, the ratio of acetic acid and butyric acid in the rumen increased, and the milk fat percentage increased. Changes in feed particle size and feeding methods can also alter the fat percentage. In actual production, in addition to adjusting the coarseness ratio to increase the milk fat percentage, the following methods are usually used now. Using high-cellulose and high-digestible rations instead of dietary energy feeds can increase milk fat percentage without affecting milk production. For example, using soybean hull instead of 25 to 50% of corn and bran in the diet can increase the milk fat percentage by 6% to 8%, while reducing costs. Add sodium bicarbonate (1 to 1.5% of the dietary concentrate ratio) or alkalinizer (2 to 3 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 0.1 part of magnesium oxide) to the lactating cattle diet or 6 grams of nicotinic acid per day . A certain amount of sodium acetate (sodium diacetate) or butyrate is supplemented on a daily basis in the diet. Increase the content of crude protein in the diet. A 0.25-0.3% methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) was added to the diet at a higher concentrate level (50-60%). For high-yielding dairy cows, sulfur-containing substances such as sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and potassium-containing substances such as potassium chloride should be properly supplemented. 4. Pay attention to feeding management during dry period Most people pay more attention to the feeding and management of dairy cows, but they often neglect the feeding management of dry cows. In fact, whether the feeding during the dry period is reasonable or not is directly related to the production performance of the cow during the next lactation period. 1 The cows must be given dry milk for about 60 days. The lactating cows, especially the high-producing dairy cows, should have a milking period of about 60 days after the first milk cycle (305 days) in order to lay the foundation for the next lactation peak. Some people will shorten the dry period in order to make cows produce more milk. This will only have the opposite effect. 2 Focus on the nutrition of dairy cows during dry milking. Because dairy cows do not pay attention to their feeding and management during dry milk production, it will seriously affect the future performance of dairy cows. This period of general feeding amount of 2 to 3 kg / day, high quality hay 2 kg / day or more, for the poorly-behaved dairy cows, should also be appropriate to increase the nutritional content of a full feed. 3 Pay attention to the feeding management during the last period of dry period In the last 2 weeks of dry milk period, the calcium and phosphorus content of the diet should be promptly reduced. The daily supply is controlled at 60-80 grams of calcium and 60 grams of phosphorus to stimulate the postpartum dairy cows. Absorption of minerals to prevent postpartum disease.
Third, strengthen feeding and management 1. Feeding and management of dairy cows at high temperatures in summer is not only affected by feed composition and quality, but also affected by the environment, especially in summer, in order to reduce the impact caused by the increase in temperature to At the minimum, the following points should be achieved. 1 As the temperature is higher and the cows are naturally cold and heat-stressed, the feed intake of dairy cows declines at high temperatures. At this time, attention should be paid to the collocation of fodder. Feed more fresh green, tender, juicy, and high protein feeds to increase feed intake. 2 Adjust the feeding time, try to adjust the feeding time to morning and evening, and feed it with wheat bran or bean curd residue at noon. 3 Drink clean deep well cool water, increase the amount of urine excretion, in order to take away excess body heat, reduce body fluid loss due to high body temperature, a lot of sweating. 4 Pay attention to the ventilation of the barn, or use a water curtain to reduce the temperature of the barn. In the summer, more mosquitoes and flies are more likely to transmit diseases. Fecal urine is easily fermented and decomposed, producing harmful gases and polluting the environment. Therefore, we must pay attention to livestock and poultry breeding places flies and eliminate mosquitoes; timely cleaning of livestock house excreta, regular washing and disinfection, found that the disease should be promptly prevented and prevented the spread of the disease. 2. Develop good feeding habits Good conditions stimulate the secretion and discharge of milk, which can increase production and facilitate the management of dairy cows. Therefore, the milk production of dairy cows should form a good conditioned reflex. Farms (households) should strengthen standardized feeding and management, formulate a set of effective, and meet their actual daily operating procedures, and strictly implement them, do not arbitrarily change, in particular to achieve the feeding and milking times and times of dairy cows. Not arbitrarily changing. 3. Strengthen staff training to reduce the incidence of diseases, especially mastitis. Dairy cow mastitis is mainly caused by unskilled milking staff, the deterioration of the remaining milk or due to bacterial contamination caused by unclean breasts and trauma. Therefore, we must do a good job of sanitation during the milking period. We must clean the cattle pens and sports grounds on a daily basis and regularly clean the cattle body and cleaning equipment. When milking, strictly follow the rules of operation, and use milking machines to forbid emptying. Using a teat nipple after milking or before using a milking machine can effectively prevent the occurrence of the disease.

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