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1. Rational crop rotation is the simplest, most economical and effective measure to prevent, control or reduce some diseases, pests and weeds in vegetables. It also helps to regulate and improve soil physical and chemical properties and coordinate the use of soil moisture and nutrients. The rotation period is generally 2-3 years.
2. Reasonable intercropping The cultivation of vegetables and certain crops through intercropping, interplanting, or mixed cropping, can often control or reduce the occurrence of certain pests and diseases, and thus receive the effect of “do not apply pesticides and win pesticidesâ€. Intercropping maize and spicy peppers. Due to the shading effect of corn, the incidence of sunburn and virus disease in peppers was 72% lower than that of monocropping field. Intercropping maize and green peppers reduced the incidence of green pepper virus disease by 56.9%. Cucumber mosaic disease can be reduced 61.6%; corn intercropping cabbage, because the field temperature than the single field decreased by 0.5 °C, the ground temperature decreased by 2 °C, can reduce cabbage virus disease by more than 20%, white spot disease decreased by 18%, cabbage soft rot The incidence of downy mildew was also significantly reduced; potato and garlic intercropping can inhibit the occurrence of potato late blight; winter wax melon and tomatoes can significantly reduce the incidence of tomato sunburn; onion and carrots together, they The odors emitted by each one can drive out each other's pests; cabbage planting between the rows of garlic can reduce the soft rot of the cabbage by 62.5%; the intercropping of cabbage and leeks can significantly reduce the harm caused by cabbage soft rot; cabbage, cabbage and other cross-flowers The family of vegetables asks for seedlings, tomatoes, or mint, and the pungent odor emitted by the latter makes it possible to avoid the white butterfly that lays eggs on cruciferous vegetables; the cucumber in the vineyard can make Leaf spot, downy mildew incidence decreased on average 47.5%.
3. Measure 100 grams of cabbage caterpillar per acre with insect pests, smash and rot, mix with 250 ml of water, add 50 g of detergent, mix with 50 kg of water, and mix with 0.2% of cabbage worm body fluid to control cabbage worms. The effect can reach as much as %.
4. The use of bacteria to control pests using corn flour as the main medium for culture and propagation of the antibacterial agent against greenhouse whitefly, the whitefly parasite nymph parasitic rate of up to 80%.
5. Treat pests with antibiotics
10% of yangyangmycin EC has a strong contact effect on fleas and is effective for 7 days. It is safe for natural enemies. With 10% of Liuyangmycin EC 1000 times, spraying began at the beginning of leaf blast, sprayed once every 7 days, even sprayed 2 to 3 times, the effectiveness of up to 85 to 90%.
6. Heap trapping and grazing The use of grasshoppers to roost under the thin layer of haystacks. The 10-20 cm thick grass piles are placed on the farm in 5m rows and 3m evenly. The next day, the grass is collected and killed. If you put some bait under the haystack or use a 3-5 cm diameter wooden stick to make a hole, the effect is better. But it is suitable for application in vegetable fields.
7. Yellow traps kill aphids, whiteflies, etc. have strong tropism toward yellow, yellow traps can be set to kill adults. The method is: cut the fiberboard or cardboard into a 10.2-meter long strip, apply orange peel, apply a layer of viscous oil (add a little oil with a small amount of oil on the 10th oil), 32-34 pieces per acre, place on the line Between the bottom of the yellow plate and the top of the plant, the level is even or slightly higher. When aphids, whitefly, etc. stick to the board surface, it is necessary to re-coat the sticky oil in time, and generally can be re-coated once every 7-10 days.
8. Sex hormone pheromies utilize artificially synthesized sex pheromones (known as "sex attractants"), crude extracts that utilize sex pheromones, and direct use of live females that are not copulated. The trapping and killing of female moths is simple, low-cost, easy to popularize, and the effect is obvious when the amount of insects is small. The practice is: make a circular cage with a length of 10 cm and a diameter of 3 cm with a 50- to 60-mesh insect net, and place 1 to 2 un-matted female moths in each cage (you can collect females in the field first When the feathers are used, wait until they are used. Hang the cage on the basin. The basin is filled with a little kerosene and put into the field after dusk. It can kill many male moths every night.
9. Urea urea has the effect of destroying the chitin of insects. It is prepared by mixing urea, washing powder and water in a ratio of 4:1:400. It is used to kill locusts and vegetables that damage vegetables and flowers. Various pests such as green worm and red spider have good control effects; during the spawning period of cabbage caterpillar, 1-3% lime water or 1-3% superphosphate calcium leaching solution spray can be used to avoid eggs over 52% within one week. The effect can reach 84%.
Pharmaceutical control is the main measure for the control of vegetable pests and diseases in production, which can greatly reduce the pest control cost and reduce the pollution of pesticides to the environment. It is an important approach and an inevitable choice for rural construction of resource-saving and environment-friendly society.