On the last working day of 2016, Nature Methods rushed to release a new 2017 issue, in which it announced the 2016 technology, you will definitely guess that the annual technology is the CRISPR system, and the eggs are for the forward-looking annual inventory. In terms of annual technology, an uncommon term: Epitranscriptome analysis is a positive solution.

In 2006, Andrew Fire and Craig Mello won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for discovering RNA interference. Their findings sparked a frenzy of non-coding RNA functions that continue to this day. An emerging question about how RNA molecules themselves are regulated is: Specifically, what is the function of post-transcriptional modifications found in all RNA species?

In recent years, technological breakthroughs, mainly triggered by sequencing-based methods, have led to epigenetic transcriptomics analysis, which analyzes such RNA modifications across the genome, and has pointed out some important functional roles of the apparent transcriptome.

2016年度最具看点的医疗技术竟然不是CRISPR?

The Epitranscriptome analysis name is prefixed by the Greek word "epi" and refers to any modification added to a nucleotide other than known function or heredity. For decades, scientists have hardly noticed RNA modification because the markers on RNA were discovered in the 1960s and 1970s, but only the tRNA and rRNA, and epigenetics on DNA. Modification.

But as scientists discovered chemical markers that appeared in all RNA species, the “writing” and “eraser” that dynamically added or removed these markers reignited interest in RNA modification. For example, the association between an enzyme that removes a methyl group from adenine and the risk of Alzheimer's disease suggests that this modification plays an important regulatory role in neurological health.

The link between RNA modification and cancer prompted the NIH to approve a research grant: the use of new tools and techniques to assess the role of the apparent transcriptome in cancer biology. One of them is the use of the CRISPR system to target RNA marker modifications (details).

In general, these work analysis studies are still in their infancy, and in order to understand what these markers do, they must first determine their abundance and location.

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