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In modern peach cultivation, most orchards still rely on traditional planting methods with short branches, leading to dense canopies that restrict air circulation and sunlight penetration. This results in weak tree vigor, poor fruit quality, and increased vulnerability to late frost damage. Additionally, conventional flood irrigation is commonly used, which consumes large amounts of water and negatively affects fruit yield, quality, and storage life. To address these challenges, Professor Li Shaohua from the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has focused on practical issues in fruit production and developed innovative techniques for long-branch pruning and water-saving cultivation.
The key technical innovations include:
1. **Long-Branch Pruning in Winter**: This method replaces the traditional short-branch pruning, which is labor-intensive and often leads to poor fruit quality. Long-branch pruning helps maintain a better balance between vegetative growth and fruiting, reduces pruning effort, and improves overall yield and stability. It also enhances light distribution within the canopy, increasing the light exposure area to 20%–25%. This leads to stronger trees with better disease resistance, earlier and more uniform fruit coloring, and a 1%–1.5% increase in sugar content compared to traditional methods. The technique also facilitates easier tree renewal and prevents bare spots in the canopy.
2. **Water-Saving Cultivation Techniques**: This approach involves managing water supply during non-critical periods when the tree is less sensitive to water stress. By using stored water during these times, farmers can reduce irrigation while maintaining tree health. This method not only conserves water but also prevents excessive vegetative growth, saving pruning time and reducing labor costs. During water-saving periods, fruit growth slows slightly, but after irrigation resumes, it accelerates, resulting in larger fruits. It also promotes flower bud formation, reduces pre-harvest fruit drop, and ultimately increases overall yield.
These technologies are advanced, well-established, and highly applicable in commercial orchards. They have been recognized with the "Innovation and Technology Star" award by the China National Division of the United Nations Technology Information System. Their widespread implementation can significantly improve the efficiency, sustainability, and profitability of peach farming.