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In recent years, the "chicken claw disease" affecting Huang Guan Pears has become a major concern for many pear farmers. Through detailed research and field experiments, we have identified the causes of this issue and developed key preventive strategies to help growers manage it effectively.
**Causes of Chicken Claw Disease**
1. **Imbalanced Fertilization and Deficiency in Trace Elements**
Soil tests from affected areas show a significant lack of essential micronutrients. Farmers often overuse nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium while neglecting micro-nutrients like iron, zinc, and boron. This leads to poor tree health, weakened immunity, and ultimately, the development of chicken claw disease.
2. **Decline in Soil Organic Matter**
The reduction in organic matter is another critical factor. Many farmers rely heavily on chemical fertilizers and rarely use farmyard manure, which results in lower soil fertility and structure. Additionally, excessive pesticide use and soil compaction reduce beneficial microbial activity, further degrading soil quality and limiting nutrient availability for the trees.
3. **Viral or Virus-Like Infections**
Some cases of chicken claw disease are linked to viral infections. Insufficient use of antiviral agents leaves the fruit vulnerable to pathogens, leading to surface deformities and the characteristic "chicken claw" appearance.
4. **Adverse Weather Conditions**
Cold and cloudy weather during the flowering period can also contribute to the problem. For example, in 2004, a high number of low-temperature days were recorded, creating unfavorable conditions that increased the likelihood of the disease occurring.
Other factors, such as poor pollination, improper use of fruit bags, and exposure to toxic materials in packaging, may also play a role in triggering chicken claw disease.
**Preventive Measures**
1. **Balanced Nutrient Management**
In addition to traditional NPK fertilizers, farmers should focus on supplementing micronutrients like iron, manganese, zinc, boron, and copper. Using amino acid-based fertilizers, humic acid products, and foliar sprays such as zinc-boron-calcium mixtures or specialized formulations like Spring Rain 1, D-6, and 481 can significantly improve plant health.
2. **Soil Improvement with Deep Plowing Agents**
Applying deep plowing agents at a rate of 200 grams per acre helps loosen the soil, increase air content, and improve fertilizer efficiency. This practice should be done twice a year to maintain healthy soil structure and enhance water retention.
3. **Proactive Virus Control**
Increasing the use of antiviral agents like multi-resistant enzyme fungicides can help prevent infections before they occur, reducing the risk of disease outbreaks.
4. **Additional Management Practices**
After flowering, ensure proper pollination. Adjust fruit bagging times if necessary, and choose breathable, high-quality fruit bags to avoid moisture buildup and potential damage.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can significantly reduce the occurrence of chicken claw disease and improve the overall health and yield of their Huang Guan Pear crops.