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From September 26 to October 6, the province experienced over ten days of continuous rainfall, which significantly impacted vegetable production. Farmers in Luancheng, Xushui, and Qingyuan counties reported serious issues with pests and diseases affecting their autumn crops. In response, this newspaper consulted Jiang Jingyu, a researcher from the Plant Protection Station, who provided insights into the current pest challenges and offered practical prevention and control strategies to assist farmers in mitigating losses.
Since late September, the province has faced unusually heavy and persistent rain. From September 26 to October 6, only one day was dry, while the rest of the time saw light to moderate rain. This wet weather not only brought vitality to the land but also created ideal conditions for the spread of pests and diseases among autumn vegetables. Rainwater facilitated the rapid propagation of pests, leading to widespread damage. Many farmers have reported increased infestations and difficulties in managing them effectively. Here’s an update on the situation and recommendations for action.
First, cabbage diseases have worsened. On October 8, a farmer in Luancheng County noticed that his cabbages were suffering from soft rot, characterized by foul-smelling roots and high disease incidence. Soft rot typically affects the base of the stalks and spreads quickly under wet conditions. Prolonged rain increases the risk as it creates wounds in the plants, allowing bacteria to enter more easily. Additionally, the waterlogged soil hinders root recovery. To manage this, affected plants should be removed and buried, and the area disinfected with lime. Spraying with antibiotics like streptomycin or copper-based fungicides is also recommended, applied thoroughly to the base of the plants every 3–5 days for 3–4 times.
In addition, some farmers are experiencing dry heart syndrome in cabbages. High moisture levels can hinder root absorption, so spraying 0.2% calcium chloride solution twice may help improve plant health.
Second, purple spot disease in onions has become more prevalent. The disease, caused by Alternaria fungi, leads to dark lesions on onion leaves, accompanied by a yellow halo and concentric mold patterns. It thrives in warm and humid conditions, and the recent rain has accelerated its spread. Farmers who used antiviral drugs found limited success. It's advised to remove infected leaves, rotate fungicides such as mancozeb or chlorothalonil, and enhance plant resistance with growth regulators like brassinolide and green wind.
Third, low-temperature and high-humidity diseases like powdery mildew and gray mold have emerged. These diseases affect tomatoes, cucumbers, and other vegetables, especially in damp and cool conditions. Prevention involves using fungicides like sulfur or triazoles, and removing diseased parts promptly. For gray mold, timely removal of infected fruits and rotating fungicides like iprodione or boscalid is crucial.
Lastly, earthworm infestations have increased due to the wet conditions. Farmers in Anxin County reported higher numbers of earthworms compared to last year. To control them, a bait made with trichlorfon mixed with wheat bran or cottonseed cake can be used to trap and reduce their population.
These measures aim to support farmers in managing the challenges posed by the ongoing rainy season and ensure better crop yields.
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