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In recent years, a condition known as "chicken claw disease" has become a major concern for many Huang Guan Pear farmers. This peculiar issue affects the appearance and quality of the fruit, causing significant economic losses. Through extensive research, field observations, and experimental studies, we have identified the primary causes of this disease and developed effective prevention strategies to help farmers manage it more effectively.
**Causes of Chicken Claw Disease**
1. **Imbalanced Fertilization and Trace Element Deficiency**
One of the main reasons behind the occurrence of chicken claw disease is improper fertilization. Many farmers rely heavily on nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium while neglecting essential micronutrients such as iron, manganese, zinc, boron, and copper. Soil tests from affected areas show that these trace elements are often lacking. Over time, this nutrient imbalance weakens the tree's immunity, making it more susceptible to diseases like chicken claw.
2. **Decline in Soil Organic Matter**
Another critical factor is the reduction in organic matter content in the soil. Farmers tend to focus only on chemical fertilizers, rarely using farmyard manure or compost. This leads to poor soil structure, reduced microbial activity, and decreased water retention capacity. Additionally, excessive use of pesticides can further harm beneficial microorganisms, leading to soil compaction and lower nutrient availability.
3. **Viral or Virus-Like Infections**
Some cases of chicken claw disease are linked to viral infections. When farmers do not apply adequate antiviral treatments, the virus can spread easily, especially during the flowering and fruit development stages. This results in abnormal growth patterns and unsightly deformities on the fruit surface.
4. **Adverse Weather Conditions**
Unfavorable weather, particularly low temperatures and cloudy days during the flowering period, can also contribute to the development of chicken claw disease. For example, in 2004, a prolonged period of cold and overcast weather was recorded in several pear-growing regions, which coincided with an increase in disease incidence. These conditions hinder photosynthesis and reduce the plant’s ability to absorb nutrients effectively.
5. **Other Contributing Factors**
Poor pollination, inadequate fruit bag ventilation, and the use of substandard or toxic fruit bags can also play a role in the development of chicken claw disease. It is important for farmers to pay attention to these details during the growing season.
**Preventive Measures**
1. **Balanced Fertilization and Micronutrient Supplementation**
Farmers should adopt a balanced approach to fertilization. In addition to NPK, they should supplement the soil with essential micronutrients. Using amino acid-based fertilizers, humic acid, and organic compost can improve soil health. Foliar sprays containing zinc, boron, calcium, and other key nutrients can also be applied to enhance fruit quality and resistance.
2. **Soil Improvement with Deep Plowing Agents**
Applying deep plowing agents can help loosen compacted soil, improve aeration, and increase fertilizer efficiency. A recommended dosage is 200 grams per acre, applied twice a year. This practice enhances soil structure and promotes better root development.
3. **Proactive Antiviral Protection**
To prevent viral infections, farmers should increase the use of antiviral agents such as multi-resistant enzyme fungicides. Regular spraying during critical growth stages can significantly reduce the risk of disease outbreaks.
4. **Additional Management Practices**
After blooming, proper pollination techniques should be used to ensure good fruit set. When bagging fruits, it's advisable to delay the process slightly and choose high-quality, breathable fruit bags to maintain optimal air circulation and moisture levels.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can effectively reduce the occurrence of chicken claw disease and improve the overall quality and yield of their Huang Guan Pears.