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After fruit harvest, it is essential to focus on proper fertilizer and water management to ensure the tree's health and prepare it for Winter.
**1. Foliar Fertilizer Application**
As soon as the fruit is picked, apply a foliar spray of 0.3-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. This helps boost nutrient storage in the tree, enhances leaf photosynthesis, and supports the growth of new shoots, ultimately strengthening the tree’s overall vitality and improving its ability to survive the winter.
**2. Base Fertilization (Shi Jifei)**
At the beginning of October, apply base fertilizer. During the early fruit stage, add 20-30 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure per plant. In the full fruit period, increase the amount to 30-50 kg per plant, combined with 0.5-1.0 kg of urea and 1.5 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 15:12:15). The radial groove method is recommended. Start digging from the center of the tree canopy, extending outwards to the edge. Dig 7-9 grooves, about 30-40 cm deep and 40 cm wide. Mix the fertilizer thoroughly with the soil before placing it into the trenches and covering it with a layer of topsoil.
**3. Irrigation Practices**
After harvesting, provide timely irrigation based on soil moisture levels. Ensure the soil remains moist but not waterlogged, which is ideal for plum tree growth. When watering, dig a ditch 20-25 cm deep along the planting line, perpendicular to the water channel. Fill the ditch immediately after watering to promote even moisture distribution and root absorption.
**Second, Soil Cultivation**
Soil cultivation is typically done in early Autumn, combined with the application of basal fertilizer. The depth should be between 20-40 cm, allowing wounds to heal quickly and promoting better nutrient uptake. This practice enhances the tree’s energy reserves, supporting its growth and development in the following season.
**Third, Shaping and Pruning**
After fruiting, perform shaping pruning by removing weak, diseased, or crowded branches. Focus on selecting strong branches to maintain a balanced structure. Cut back any drooping or excessive branches to encourage healthy growth and improve air circulation within the canopy.
**Fourth, Pest Control**
To manage diseases, apply fungicides such as 50% carbendazim at 800-1000 times dilution, 50% thiophanate-methyl at 800-1000 times, 80% mancozeb at 800-1000 times, or 50% TYTB at 800 times. For controlling red spider mites, use 40% dicofol EC diluted 1500-2000 times. To manage pests like aphids and caterpillars, apply 2.5% emamectin benzoate at 3000 times, or a mixture of 50% phoxim at 800 times and 40% omethoate at 800 times, or 20% cypermethrin at 3000 times. Always follow safety guidelines when applying pesticides.