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After fruit harvest, proper care is essential to ensure the health and productivity of the plum trees for the next growing season. Here's a detailed guide on post-harvest management:
**1. Fertilizer and Water Management**
- **Foliar Spraying**: Immediately after harvesting, apply a foliar spray of 0.3–0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. This helps boost nutrient reserves in the tree, enhances leaf photosynthesis, and strengthens the branches, which is crucial for the tree’s survival during Winter.
- **Base Fertilization**: In early October, apply a base fertilizer. During the early fruit stage, each tree should receive 20–30 kg of well-decomposed farmyard manure. During full fruit development, increase this to 30–50 kg per tree, along with 0.5–1.0 kg of urea and 1.5 kg of compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 15:12:15). The radial groove method is recommended—dig 7–9 grooves starting from halfway across the tree’s canopy to the outer edge, about 30–40 cm deep and 40 cm wide. Mix the fertilizer thoroughly before placing it in the grooves and covering with soil.
- **Irrigation**: After fruit picking, water the trees promptly based on soil moisture levels. The goal is to maintain optimal moisture for root activity and overall tree health. Create a 20–25 cm deep ditch along the tree line, perpendicular to the irrigation channel, and fill it immediately once the water is applied.
**2. Soil Cultivation**
In early Autumn, combine soil cultivation with the application of base fertilizer. Loosen the soil to a depth of 20–40 cm, which promotes better root growth, improves nutrient absorption, and supports stronger tree development for the following year.
**3. Pruning and Shaping**
Post-harvest pruning is critical for maintaining tree structure and encouraging healthy growth. Remove weak, diseased, or overcrowded branches, as well as those that are drooping or unproductive. Select strong branches to keep and prune back others to maintain an open, balanced shape that allows for good light penetration and air circulation.
**4. Pest Control**
To prevent disease and pest infestations, apply fungicides such as 50% carbendazim diluted at 800–1000 times, or 50% thiophanate-methyl at similar dilutions. For fungal protection, use 80% mancozeb at 800–1000 times, or 50% TYTB at 800 times. To control the hawthorn red spider, use 40% dicofol at 1500–2000 times. For insect pests, options include 2.5% emamectin benzoate at 3000 times, or a combination of 50% phoxim at 800 times and 40% omethoate at 800 times, or 20% cypermethrin at 3000 times.
By following these practices, you can significantly improve the tree's resilience and prepare it for a successful growing season ahead.