Licorice is a commonly used bulk medicinal material for the legumes, licorice, licorice root, and licorice root. Wild licorice is mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Gansu and other places; planting licorice is mainly distributed in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu, around Permian and some parts of Ningxia. Licorice is a national class II protected plant and is not allowed to be excavated. Due to the increasing protection of wild licorice resources and the increasing usage of licorice, the contradiction between supply and demand of licorice is intensified. In order to solve this contradiction, artificial cultivation of licorice is imperative. At the same time, it is very important to control the quality of licorice artificial cultivation. It is recommended to select the HPLC fingerprint. Control the quality of licorice. 1. The morphological characteristics and efficacy of licorice 1.1 Morphological characteristics Licorice plant height 50-120 cm; thick, cylindrical, reddish brown; rhizome, shape and color similar to root; stem erect, densely covered with white short hairs and hairy glands; feather head compound leaves, Alternate, leaflets 7-17; ovate or elliptic; racemes axillary, butterfly corolla, flowers pale blue-purple or purple-red; capsule curved, sickle-shaped, exophytic bristles; seeds round, brown-green; Weak alkaline sands, grasslands, sand banks, river banks, and desert and semi-desert environments. Glycyrrhiza products are cylindrical, 25-100cm long, 0.6-3.5cm in diameter, reddish-brown or gray-brown on the surface, with obvious longitudinal wrinkles and sparse fine root marks. Solid quality, slightly fibrous cross section, yellow and white. The quality is evenly lengthened, with fine red skin, oily texture, yellow-white cross section, and sweet taste. 1.2 The efficacy of licorice is flat, sweet, back to the twelve classics. Detoxification, expectoration, pain relief, antispasmodic and anti-cancer and other pharmacological effects. In traditional Chinese medicine, licorice complements spleen and qi, nourishes cough and lungs, relieves poisoning, and reconciles hundreds of medicines. The clinical application is divided between "biological" and "preserved". Indications for sore throat, sore throat, gastrointestinal ulcers and antidote poisoning, food poisoning, etc.; candied indigestion spleen and stomach function, loose stools, fatigue, fever and cough, heart palpitations. In addition, the combination of licorice and soy has the effect of detoxification. However, it should not be used in conjunction with Beijing University, Fujian, Ganzi, and seaweed. 1.3 The main ingredient licorice contains a variety of chemical components, in addition to the main ingredients glycyrrhizic acid, licorice glycosides, etc., also contains glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, isoliquiritin, new licorice glycosides, new isoflavone, glycyrrhizin, isoliquiritigenin And dozens of compounds such as licorice Xiding, glycyrrhizin, isoglycyrrhizin, 7-methyl coumarin, and umbelliferone. According to a large number of studies, glycyrrhizic acid and flavonoids are the most important physiologically active substances in licorice, which are mainly present in the inner parts of the licorice root epidermis. The formula of glycyrrhizic acid is C42H62O16, a glucocorticoside of glycyrrhetinic acid, which is a sweet component of licorice and is found in Glycyrrhiza. It forms flaky or prismatic crystals in acetic acid and dissolves in water at 220°C. 2. Licorice seedling transplanting technology In order to meet the large demand of the market, large-scale artificial cultivation of licorice has begun at home and abroad, and mechanized nursery transplanting technology has been gradually developed. The roots of licorice are soft, and the roots of licorice are easily entangled with each other. If the seedlings are improperly seeded, the seedlings may be easily broken or heavy seedlings or seedlings may appear. In addition, the plant spacing is small, and artificial seedlings are labor-intensive and have poor reliability. At present, the semi-automatic transplanters in developed countries are already very mature. However, the semi-automatic transplanters in China are still in the primary development stage, especially the models suitable for transplanting licorice and widely popularized. There is an urgent need in the market for a licorice transplanter with excellent performance, low cost, and easy operation. The licorice planting is mainly based on seedling transplanting. It is first cultivated in the nursery land for one year, and then the seedlings are transplanted into the field in the autumn or the spring of the following year. When the transplanting is mainly planted in flat, the seedlings are required to be straight and without tillers, the root length is 20-40cm, and the thickness is uniform. 2.1 The licorice planted in the plot is a deep-rooted plant. Therefore, fertile, well-textured, well-drained, organic-rich plots should be selected. The former crops should be wheat, corn, and vegetables. The bogey must be weighed against beets and sunflowers. . 2.2 When the site preparation site is deep-turned by 40 cm, apply organic fertilizer 2000-3000 kg/667m2, diammonium phosphate 18-20 kg/667m2. When it is done, it is 20-30cm wide, 20cm high, and 2.0-2.5m wide. 2.3 Seed treatment Use full, grain-free seeds. Because the licorice seed has a hard, thick cortex and poor water permeability, it is not easy to emerge after sowing, and the germination rate is low, so seed treatment must be performed. The seeds were boiled with boiling water for 5 minutes. Cold water was added to 40°C and soaked for 12 hours. The swelled seeds were removed. The epidermis was waxed by hand, washed with water for 3-5 times, and then dried to the seeds. The skin is white. Remove the hard seeds, dry and add 95% to 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, mix well, treat at 25°C for 2 hours, and rinse 6-8 times with fresh water. 2.4 Seeding when the sowing surface temperature stabilizes at 10°C. The suitable period for spring sowing is from Qingming to Guyu. The suitable period for summer sowing is from the beginning of summer to the small full season. Autumn sowing is carried out before the earth is frozen and the spring blooms. Raise the ditch on the ridge surface, sow the seed evenly on the ridge surface, and suppress it after covering the soil 2 cm. In order to prevent grass damage, trifluralin herbicide can be sprayed on the ridge surface and sprayed 6 days after sowing. The seeding rate is 5-8kg/667m2. Licorice is a warm crop, and the optimum germination temperature is 24°C-35°C. Under suitable conditions of temperature and humidity, seedlings will emerge 7-18 days after sowing. 2.5 Miaotian Management In order to prevent the death of seedlings, thiophanate-methyl powder and urea can be sprayed on the leaves. When licorice grows 4-6 true leaves, urea is applied in conjunction with the cultivating ditch. When it grows to 10 leaves, the field weeds are promptly removed. 1-10million seedlings per 667m2. If there is a phenomenon of lack of seedlings and ridges, replanting should be done as soon as possible. After removing the ridges, remove the grass from the fields and drain the fields in time to prevent rot. 2.6 Transplanting The main root was excavated, the buds were kept, the tails were removed, and the roots were sorted into 30-40 cm. Open the ditch with a 7-10cm depth, and plant the licorice root horizontally, obliquely or flatly in the ditch, cover the soil 10cm, and suppress it. 1.8 to 22,000 plants per 667m2 were planted, and one set of root water was poured before freezing. Before weeding, weeding 1-2 times, weeds were kept in the field. When the seedlings height 8-15cm, according to the spacing of 6-8cm planting seedlings to remove small, weak, diseased seedlings, and sprayed every 667m2 foliar potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50-100g, urea 100-150g. When the local part of the growth weakened, the second fat was chased. After emergence, the appropriate seedlings. 3. HPLC fingerprint of licorice planted The method for HPLC fingerprinting of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in Wild and Cultivated Glycyrrhiza HPLC Fingerprints was established. It has good stability and reproducibility. Altogether 16 peaks of wild licorice were identified, and 18 peaks of cultivated products were identified. The chemical composition is consistent. of. A fingerprint map was developed for different varieties based on HPLC Fingerprint of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. The licorice fingerprint spectrum had a total of 38 fingerprint peaks and was divided into 8 fingerprint regions to compare the licorice fingerprints of different cultivars. Due to factors such as origin, climate, and ecological environment, there are also certain differences in the components contained in different licorice materials. The quality control of licorice herbs in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is limited to the determination of single components. Fingerprints are internationally recognized as the control of traditional Chinese medicines. The effective means of quality can control the quality of wild and cultivated licorice, and guarantee the safety and medicinal properties of the people.
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