Pingwang Reservoir is located in the upper reaches of the Weihe River in Zanhuang County, Hebei Province, with an area of ​​3,000 mu. In January 1996, 500 million fertilized eggs were introduced from the Sanlizhuang Reservoir in Zhucheng City, Shandong Province. According to the end of September, it is predicted that there will be 4000-5000kg of whitebait resources and artificial eggs will be collected. The egg collection technicians entered the reservoir on December 6 and entered the oviparous climax on the 19th. By the end of the 29th, they collected a total of 98 million whitebait eggs. After fertilization by human eggs (insemination, the same below), fertilization rates More than 80%.
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In 1996, the effect of artificial egg collection and egg production was good. One of the reasons was to leave spawning broodstock, which is the material basis for a large number of high-quality fish eggs. The second is to adopt a series of powerful technical measures, as reported below. I. Estimating the amount of broodstock resources, there are plans to arrange for artificial egg harvesting. In January 1996, the giant whitebait fertilized eggs were transplanted. In May, the silverfish were found for the first time, and then monitored once or twice a month for the purpose of grasping the resources of the giant whitebait. growing situation.
In early August, the central and southern provinces of our province suffered a flood that hit once every 50 years. Pingwang Reservoir exchanged water within two days. However, the end of floods had a major impact on the resources of the giant whitebait in the reservoir. Based on the survival rate, 5 million fertilized eggs were released in 1996. The seedling rate is 50%, the survival rate is 20%, and the average individual skill is 12g. Then, in December, the silverbait resources in the library are 500,000, and the weight is about 6 tons. In order to further determine the amount of resources, a net of 2a=1cm gill nets was used to capture, and a 90m0.5m gill net caught about 5kg every 2h; the silverbait trawl net was used for test capture. For every 100m, Internet lkg is about. After a comprehensive assessment, it was confirmed that in December, the resources of the giant whitebait in the reservoir were about 5 tons. If the catch is 2 tons, the broodstock utilization rate is 30% (affected by the broodstock freshness, female maturity, and male-male ratio etc.). The broodstock in each group is female: male = 1:3, and the fecundity of the female fish is 8OO. Granule calculation, it can be about 100 million fertilized eggs. Due to a more accurate estimate of broodstock resources, it provides a reliable basis for artificial egg harvesting.
Second, accurately grasp the broodstock spawning time, without losing the opportunity to make large whitebait assault, the general spawning is relatively concentrated, and the time is very short, if the time is not well grasped, it is easy to miss the opportunity to make an egg, in recent years there is no shortage of such lessons.
In order to grasp the spawning time of large whitebait, technicians entered the reservoir on December 6, 1996. Measure the temperature of the water every day (8 in the morning and 8 in the evening) and observe the development of the gonads of the broodstock. Due to the high temperature in December of 1996 and the absence of strong cold air, the reservoir has not yet reached ice in mid-December (Icy in early December 1995) and the gonads develop steadily.
On December 12th, when the water temperature was 2°C, the broodstock had an average body weight of 12 g, a body length of 15 cm, an ovary occupying 25-28% of body weight, and gonadal development until mid-IV, with a nuclear center. Females have not yet matured.
At 8 o'clock on the December 14th, the water temperature l°C, 144 broodstock fish were caught, including 29 females and 15 males. There were 4 females sexually mature, accounting for 13.8%. Optional 10 measurements are shown in Table 2. .
On the 15th, the temperature dropped to a minimum of 7°C, the water temperature dropped to 1°C, and the ice near the dam surface became thin. There were 61 fishes at 8 o'clock in the evening, of which 25 were tailed, 36 tailed, and 19 were mature, accounting for 53%. On the 16th, the water temperature was 1.8°C, fishing was 15kg, and about 15O0 tails. There were fewer females and more males. The ratio was disordered. The reason was analyzed. The location of the net was not a spawning ground. For broodstock, spawning grounds must be found, otherwise there will be danger of large numbers of broodstock being empty. On the 17th and 18th, large-scale nets were used to capture the proportion of male and female broodstock and the degree of maturation was too different. After the proportion of broodstock in different regions and the development of ovary, a preliminary analysis of the position of spawning was made. After 19th, the production was completed. Under the egg network, the situation was greatly improved, the proportion of broodstock was coordinated, and the maturity of females accounted for more than 80%. The working egg work of humans reached a climax. On the 19th to the 21st, about 1,000 bags of eggs are made every day, about 600 bags on the 22nd to the 26th, and 560 bags on the 27th to the 29th. L3 female fish per bag, the amount of eggs is 5OO0-2OOO tablets. Randomly tested 6 females for spawning.
On the 29th, due to heavy fog, it was impossible to catch fish at the library. At night, the library was closed to ice and the artificial egg collection was completed. According to relevant data, the Taiyuan Lake area, the big whitebait has its spawning time before and after the winter solstice. In 1996, the spawning period for the big whitebait of the Pingwang Reservoir was December 19-29 (December 21 winter solstice). Before and after the winter solstice (when contacted with Shandong and Henan during the period of egg making, the time is roughly the same as Pingwang Reservoir). During this period, the temperature was low and the time for concentrated spawning was correspondingly advanced. There was strong cold air stimulation and the spawning process was intensified. In the North China area, artificial egg collection technicians should be stationed at the egg collection site in early December to observe the development of gonads at any time. When the gonad develops to the middle of IV, the artificial egg collection work should be ready to prevent sudden changes in the weather and delay the timing.
Three thousand ways to improve artificial fertilization rate The practice of transplanting silverfish from our province for many years has proven that the quality of fertilized eggs is the most important limiting factor for transplantation effects. Therefore, in the artificial collection of whitebait fish in 1996, we were not simply pursuing the number of eggs laid, we paid more attention to the quality of fertilized eggs, and adopted a series of effective measures to increase the fertilization rate of artificial eggs in every possible way.
3.1 Take effective measures to harvest a large number of good broodstock for good broodstock with good maturity. A good mature broodstock is the basis. Since September 1996, units such as Jiangsu and Anxin County in our province have sent personnel to try to catch large whitebait in Pingwang Reservoir, and found that the amount of resources is good. It is speculated that the catch can be more than 3 tons. However, commercial fish was not sold to complete the artificial egg-picking task. In this manual egg-picking process, a total of approximately 1,000 kilograms of broodstock are caught, and 0.1 kilograms (6 fishes) of broodstock are consumed for an average of 10,000 eggs. There is a great deal of choice in the egg harvesting process, which not only guarantees the quantity of eggs picked. It also ensures the quality of fertilized eggs.
In order to successfully capture the large number of broodstock needed, the first approach we take is to find a difficult spawning ground. Although the number of broodstock captured was large on the 19th, the maturity individuals varied greatly, most of them were immature, and some were already empty. Few were required, and the proportion of males and females was seriously out of balance. If this were to continue, The broodstock will cause a lot of waste, and the quantity and quality of eggs will be difficult to guarantee. According to data, during the breeding season, the mature individuals of the large whitebait swim in groups and spawn into the spawning grounds, chasing each other for spawning and fertilizing. Where is Pingwang Reservoir's spawning ground? After extensive network trials in the upper reaches, it was confirmed that Pingwang Reservoir spawning site is 2500 meters above the dam upstream of the reservoir, and within 2 million square meters of the two rivers along the old river channel, The broodstock caught in the spawning grounds: ♂ = 1 : 2 - 4 and the females are more than 80% mature and have a gill net length of 90m. Every 2-3h can fish 5-10kg, the inherently abundant broodstock makes the egg collection work very smoothly. The second is to choose the right fishing gear. Fishing silverfish broodstock, traditional work nets are silverfish trawls and small gill nets, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Trawling saves time and saves time (without a single strip of broodstock), broodstock freshness is good, fertility rate is high, but the operation is troublesome and requires two boats to drag, and there are many limiting factors, in particular, can not work under the ice. Small gill nets are mobile and flexible, easy to operate, and can be operated under ice, but picking fish is troublesome and easily damages the brood fish (the female tends to break the belly and the male tends to tear the testis), thereby affecting the fertilization rate and reducing the value of commercial fish after oviposition. According to our experiments, the nets of gill nets are 2a: 1–1.5cm, net height 50cm, and the top and bottom Shao and floaters are all white.
3.2 Flowing operations, strict control of the major aspects of the major whitebait artificial egg harvesting work, there are the following major aspects, one is to catch broodstock, the second is artificial insemination, and the third is the indoor management of fertilized eggs. Each link is linked to each other and restricts each other. If problems occur in one link, the effect of egg collection will be affected. In order to facilitate management, the egg-collecting staff will be divided into three groups according to the above-mentioned steps. The three teams will each assume their responsibilities and work in coordination. The broodstock fishing team is responsible for fishing under the net. After the net is taken, it is transported by speedboat to the egg collection room and the fish is removed. In order to ensure the viability of broodstock eggs, the time from gathering fish to removing fish cannot exceed one hour. In the artificial egg collection group, mature mature female eggs and male semen were squeezed into non-toxic plastic bags in turn, and a small amount of water was shaken to fully fertilize egg cells, which were then transferred to indoor management.
There are three key technologies here, one is the freshness of broodstocks, of course, the live fish is ideal, but the big whitebait is very delicate, and all the water will die in one hour after the water starts. As long as the fish is soft, body color and transparency can be used. The fish body is stiff and its body color can not be used. The second is the broodstock maturity. During the breeding season, the maturity of the male fish is generally the same, and it can also be reconstructed after the sperm is released. Therefore, the male fish need not be selected. The maturation of females is not synchronized. If broodstock is to be selectively matured during artificial insemination, the broodstock with poor maturation cannot be squeezed. Otherwise, the fertilization rate will be affected. Third, each procedure should be performed quickly. In general, large water surfaces should be carried on ships. Because of the narrowness of small boats, there are inconveniences in operation and the size of the vessels should be as large as possible. If the spawning ground is closer to the land, eggs can be collected on land. The principle of selection of the picking site is to facilitate the collection of eggs in the shortest possible time in order to increase the fertility rate. The second is conducive to "big regiment" operations, in order to make more fertilized eggs in a short period of time, Pingwang Reservoir is a medium-sized reservoir, the area is not large, the spawning field is only about 3500 meters from the fishery team office, guaranteed in 20 minutes The broodstock is transported to the egg-picking point, so egg-catching is carried out on land, which creates favorable conditions for the successful completion of this work.
Fourth, strengthen the indoor management of fertilized eggs, improve the good egg rate due to the large number of egg-making this time, and the first year of egg visibility is not high, so that a large number of eggs can not be sold in time, in order to make fertilized eggs in school for a long time (1 Months or so) Keep a good egg ratio and arrange for a transitional hatch in an indoor pool. Our approach is to clean and flush the hatchery and disinfect the walls with quicklime. The windows are sealed and the curtains are kept cold. The hatching pool is made of dry bricks, with an area of ​​about 5m2 per pond. The plastic sheets are laid inside and the depth of water is kept at 10cm. Due to the low temperature in the late winter of 1996, it was sometimes heated by electric heaters at night, and the water temperature remained at 1-3°C during the incubation period. To ensure a certain number of good eggs, we have also adopted the following series of effective measures. The first is the reasonable density of eggs. The eggs of the giant whitebait are sink eggs. To prevent the emergence of fish eggs in the bottom of the pool, the egg density is maintained at 20.3 million grains/m2, but due to the large amount of eggs, there are few places. The actual density of eggs is about 730,000 grains/ M2, due to the density is too high, to the occurrence of water mold disease in some hatchery ponds, and timely treatment, without great loss. The second is to remove impurities, in order to prevent the remaining organic matter from affecting the quality of the water, using sieve cups and straws to remove residual fish and testes, and then spread the eggs evenly in the pool. The third is often changing the water. Change the water every day 1-2 times, change the water, the water temperature and the original pool water temperature consistent with the aeration and then injected into the pool.
Five issues and discussion This egg collection work, due to the large amount of eggs, the indoor hatching pool area is limited, so the initial volume of eggs in the 500,000 tablets / m2 above, up to 1 million individual / pool as much as the number of, plus The water exchange capacity was small (change of water once every two days at the beginning, resulting in water mold disease in fertilized eggs in some hatchery ponds. After treatment with 2ppm malachite green dip for 4 minutes, saprolegnia was controlled. After observation of the medication under the microscope In the eggs, it was found that the filaments of the egg membrane contracted and burned.We analyzed this part of the eggs because of their reduced ability to adhere, and the rate of emergence in large bodies of water may be affected to a certain extent. Only a small amount of eggs were hatched in a small water tank, and its emergence rate was still 65%. Other hatchery pools were sold with fertilized eggs, their density was continuously reduced, and management was strengthened. The last batch of eggs was sold, and a total of more than 40 were stored. At the end of the day, in the end, the watery mildew disease occurs.We believe that the fertilized eggs hatch in the room: the egg density is preferably about 30 million grains/m2, and the maximum should not exceed 500,000 grains/m2, and it is guaranteed to change the water 1-2 times a day. The temperature is maintained at 1-3°C, such a Within months of its germination rate is not affected by big impact.