Cucumbers are alias cucumbers and cucurbits, native to the southern Himalayas, north India, and near Nybar. They are cultivars of thorny cucurbits of the Cucurbitaceae, annual climbing herbs. The young fruit is crisp, with moisture content of 94-97g, carbohydrate 1.6-4.1g, protein 0.4-1.2g, calcium 12-31mg, phosphorus 16-58mg, iron 0.2-1.5mg, vitamin C4- 25mg/100g fresh fruit. Suitable for raw food, cooked food or pickled, it is one of the main vegetables. Cucumber cultivation has a large starting area and mature technology, especially the cultivation of solar greenhouses in the north occupies a pivotal position in the cultivation of facilities. First, temperature management Keep the lowest temperature, limit the maximum temperature, and extend the optimum temperature. Roots of cucumbers below 12°C stopped growing, and were below 5°C susceptible to freezing damage. The minimum temperature should be kept above 10°C, and not below 5°C for a short time. During the winter, the insulation should be the mainstay. Close attention should be paid to changes in the weather to prevent cold currents from attacking. If necessary, supplemental warming should be carried out to prevent frost damage. When the temperature is higher than 32 °C, it should be promptly released, generally do not exceed 32 °C, to prevent high-temperature over-breathing, increase nutrient consumption, melons. During the day, the temperature in the greenhouse should be controlled at 22 to 23°C for as long as possible, 16 to 20°C at night in the middle of the night, and 10 to 16°C at the middle of the night. At the same time, we must also pay attention to the management of temperature. In winter, due to the low ground temperature, root growth of cucumber is slow. Except for temperature increase measures such as mulching film and warm water irrigation, in the deep winter season, when the temperature in the greenhouse rises to 30°C, do not let it go immediately and keep it for a period of time before further exhalation. Increase the temperature. Second, lighting management Extend daylight hours, increase light transmittance, and expand the use of the product. Extend the lighting time as long as the temperature conditions permit. When the sun shines on the shed in the morning, the grass curtains should be immediately opened to the light. Choose long-lived, non-drip films with high light transmittance and good insulation properties, and clean dust in time to enhance light transmittance. While taking full advantage of direct lighting, we must also pay attention to the use of scattered light to further increase production. Membrane coverage, hanging reflective screens and other measures, can increase the effective lighting within the shed. Third, fertilizer management The application of base fertilizer is the basis, and the pursuit of “three fats†is the key. Sun-greenhouse cucumber grows for a long period of time and requires a large amount of fertilizer. It should be used as a base fertilizer at a time. Generally, 1,000 kg of organic fertilizer is cooked per mu, 200 kg of cake fertilizer, 75 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 2/3 of application, and 1/3 of concentrated application. Three large dressings were conducted in mid-February, late March and early April respectively. For the first time, 200kg of cake fertilizer, 15kg of urea, 25kg of superphosphate, 10kg of potassium sulfate, and 3kg of urea per acre were applied for the first time. After the weather gets warmer, it can flush fertilizer once a day, applying 10 kg of urea per acre to reach a clear and uninterrupted state. And according to the growth situation in time spray foliar fertilizer. Fourth, water management Watering planting water, less water to promote drowning, more water to promote melon water, planting water must be enough to planting water, choose the sunny day at noon, using the film under the dark irrigation, conditions can be drip irrigation or warm water irrigation . After April, the weather gets warmer and water is poured every 7 days. Fifth, pruning management Hanging vines must have radian, falling vines should have gradients, picking leaves should be limited, and wiping buds must be strong. When the vines are hung, the vines are to be hung by the "s" type, so that the melon vines form a certain degree of curvature, and the prosperous melon vines have more curvature. When the northern end reaches a height of 1.7m and the southern end reaches the roof, the vines are covered. After the vines fall, they must form a low gradient from the north to the south in order to better accept the sunlight. With the growth of guava, the old leaves of the lower disease should be removed in time, but the lower part of the nectar should leave 5 to 7 leaves to ensure that there are 20 to 30 leaves per plant. When pruning, lateral branches and male flowers must be wiped off in a timely manner, and tendrils should be removed in time to reduce nutrient consumption. At the same time, we must also do a good job of prevention and control of pests and diseases. Cucumber bacterial angular spot Symptoms mainly damage the leaves and can also harm stems and fruits. Cotyledons are shed with small, light brown, round spots; true leaf lesions, initially with oily, small spots, are polygonal or quadrangular after being expanded due to vein limitation, and are pale yellow-brown when diseased, and dorsal lesions when wet There is a milky bright veil, and later lesions are prone to cracking or perforation. The melon was infected and there was a small spot of water immersion. After the expansion, irregular or contiguous, the disease department overflowed with a large amount of filthy white pus, and the infected melons were often accompanied by soft rot pathogens. They were yellow-brown and rotted. Control methods Seed treatment: Melon seeds can be sterilized at a constant temperature of 70°C for 72 hours, or soaked in warm water at 55°C for 20 minutes. Use 5% chlorothalonil dust 1kg per acre. At the beginning of the disease, spray 77% of the wettable powder 400 times, or 14% of the ammonia copper water solution 250 times, or 72% of the agricultural streptomycin soluble powder 4000 times, once every 7 days. 2 to 3 times. Cucumber downy mildew disease, adult stage can be disease. The appearance of blister-like spots in the lower leaves began. After expansion, it is limited by veins to show polygonal or square lesions, green. Later it turns yellow to light brown. On the back of the leaf when wet, dense black or black mold mold layer. In severe cases, the lesions were contiguous and the entire leaves became yellow and dry. The diseased leaves are not perforated and the melon strips are not affected. Control methods Cultivation of disease-free seedlings and improved cultivation techniques. The electric heating warming nursery is used for raising the seedlings. The temperature is relatively high and the humidity is low. There is no incidence of no dew exposure. The planting is covered with a plastic film to reduce the humidity in the greenhouse. In the early stage of production, the watering is controlled, and watering is performed in the morning to reduce the humidity in the greenhouse. Double liquid glucose or sugar, vinegar and urea 100 to 200 times the liquid mixture to improve plant disease resistance Ecological control: In the morning, after the sunrise so that the temperature quickly into the 25 ~ 30 °C, the humidity dropped to about 75%; relative to the previous night The humidity is less than 80%, the temperature is controlled at 15~20°C, the night temperature is controlled at 10～13°C, smoked with 145% chlorothalonil smoke agent 200g per mu, and 72% of frosture urea manganese zinc is sprayed at the early stage of the disease 600~800 times. Liquid, or 72% Kelu wettable powder 600 to 800 times, or 70% manganese manganese wettable powder 500 times, or 25% metalaxyl wettable powder 600 times liquid. Symptoms of Botrytis cinerea Cucumber: It mainly affects young cucumis. The bacteria first invade the blossoming flowers, grow a brown-brown mold layer, and then invade the melon strips, causing the umbilical rot. The killed melon quickly became soft and shrivelled. The diseased part of the moldy layer of gray dense, diseased flowers fall on the leaves, can cause the diseased leaves, produce large patches, nearly round to irregular shape, the edge is obvious, the surface has a small amount of gray mold, stem damage, cause local Decayed, the stem was broken when severe, and the whole plant died. In the early stage of onset, spray 65% ​​Triamcinolone WP 1000 times, or 50% Polydoxifen WP 1000 times, or 50% DuoXueqing WP 800 times, each 0.3-0.5 liters. Once every 10 days, continuous control of cucumber blight leaves 2 to 3 times lesions near-circular, and some from the leaf margin inward was "V" type, light brown to brown, late lesions easily broken, disease The spots are not obvious and there are many black spots on them. The lesions are oval-to-shuttle and white, sometimes overflowing with amber-colored resinous material. The stems of the late stems shrank, and the longitudinal cracks were chaotic. When severe, they caused "crops." Control methods: Rotation of crop rotation, seed disinfection using formula fertilization techniques, full application of decomposed organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to strengthen the cultivation and management, enhance plant resistance to disease. In the early stage of disease, spray 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl 500 times, or 40% DuPont "Fuxing" 8000 times, spray every 3 to 4 days, spray 2 to 3 times. Cucumber sclerotia mainly affected fruits and vine vines. Fruits were mostly found in the streaks. They first rotted and rotted, and grew white hyphae. The hyphae became entangled in black sclerotia. Stems infected at the beginning of the disease near the ground in the stem or the main branch bifurcation, resulting in faded water dip spot, after the expansion was light brown, high temperature conditions, disease stem soft rot, grow white cotton hair hyphae, disease stem marrow The Ministry was destroyed and rotted or dried up. Petioles, leaves, and young fruit were infected with water-soaked and rapidly soft rot at the beginning of the disease, and then a large number of white mycelia and black mouse fecal bacilli were grown. Control methods Seeds and soil disinfection: Before sowing, soak in seeds with 50°C warm water for 10 minutes; Before planting, use 40% chloronitrotoluene powder 1kg per kg for fine soil 20kg, and mix well into soil. Ecological control: In the morning, the greenhouses will be mainly warmed by bored sheds. In the afternoon, the sheds will be dampened. After the onset of disease, the night temperature will be appropriately increased to reduce the nighttime condensation, with 10% speeding Keling or 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent per acre. Times 250g, smoked 1 night, every 8 to 10 days 1 time, even the defense 3 to 5 times. At the early stage of disease, first remove the diseased leaf, and then use 65% Tamycin WP 600 times, 50% Polymyxin WP 600 times, or 40% Sclerotin WP 1200 times. Cucumber scab can occur in seedling stage and adult stage, especially in young leaves, tender stems and young melons. At the early stage of disease, yellow-white round spots appeared on the leaves, with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm. The lesions on the vines were stained with green water and then browned. The dents and fluids were infiltrated. The diseased part was severely cracked. When the humidity was high, black smokey layer of dense tobacco was observed. When the melon strip was damaged, it produced a dark green round spot, and the diseased part overflowed with a white translucent gum and became amber afterwards. The disease department was sunken, and after the cracks, it became a sore armor. The diseased part stopped growing, and the melon strip was deformed. The growth spot became infected, and after 2 to 3 days, it rotted to form a bald pile. 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