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There are several critical "three-day" periods in pig farming that significantly impact the health, growth, and productivity of pigs. Proper management during these times can make a big difference in overall efficiency and survival rates.
The first key period is the three days after mating. This is a crucial time for egg fertilization and the development of the embryos. If the sow is overfed during this time, it can lead to embryo loss, reducing the number of piglets born. Therefore, feeding should be carefully controlled—limiting daily intake to 1.5–1.8 kg, with a maximum of 2 kg. This helps ensure optimal conditions for successful fertilization and early embryonic development.
The second important three-day window occurs after farrowing (birth). During this time, newborn piglets are extremely vulnerable. Many deaths happen due to cold exposure, crushing by the sow, or lack of colostrum. To reduce mortality, several steps should be taken: provide a dry and warm environment, ensure piglets nurse colostrum quickly to boost immunity, assign fixed teats to avoid competition, supplement with iron and selenium to prevent anemia, and help the sow recover to prevent postpartum infections.
The third critical phase is the three days after weaning. This is one of the most stressful times for piglets, as they transition from milk to solid feed, lose their mother's protection, and experience a drop in maternal antibodies. These changes can weaken their immune system and increase the risk of disease. To ease the transition, it’s important to maintain stable environmental conditions, gradually introduce new feed, and use preventive medications to stop secondary infections.
Finally, the three days after moving to a new pen also pose challenges. Piglets may struggle to adapt physically and mentally, and their resistance to disease may decrease. In the new group, they will re-establish social hierarchies through competition, which can be stressful. During this time, they also need to develop normal eating, drinking, and sleeping patterns, which requires a lot of energy. To support them, keep the temperature consistent before and after transfer, continue using the same feed initially, monitor for aggression when mixing groups, and implement strong disease prevention measures.
By focusing on these key three-day periods and adjusting management practices accordingly, farmers can greatly improve piglet survival, growth, and overall farm performance.