In modern peach cultivation, most orchards still rely on traditional planting methods with short branches, leading to dense canopies that hinder air circulation and light penetration. This results in poor fruit quality, increased vulnerability to late frosts, and lower overall productivity. Additionally, conventional irrigation practices such as flood irrigation are commonly used, which consume large amounts of water and negatively affect fruit yield, quality, and storage life.
Professor Li Shaohua, an expert in fruit tree cultivation at the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has focused on addressing these real-world challenges by researching advanced techniques for long-branch pruning and water-saving cultivation. His work aims to improve efficiency, sustainability, and fruit quality in peach orchards.
The key technical innovations include:
1. **Long-Branch Pruning Technique**: This method replaces the traditional short-branch approach, which is labor-intensive and often leads to poor fruit quality. Long-branch pruning helps maintain a better balance between vegetative and reproductive growth, reduces pruning labor, and ensures more stable yields. It also improves internal light conditions, increasing the light penetration within the canopy to 20–25%. This promotes stronger tree vigor, better disease resistance, and earlier, more uniform fruit coloring. The sugar content of the fruits is 1%–1.5% higher compared to traditionally pruned trees. Additionally, this technique makes tree renewal easier and prevents bare spots on the trunk.
2. **Water-Saving Cultivation Techniques**: This approach focuses on using water efficiently during non-critical periods when the trees are less sensitive to water stress. By applying controlled water stress during specific growth stages, such as vernalization and fruit expansion, the trees can store water internally and maintain a balanced growth pattern. This not only saves water but also prevents excessive vegetative growth, reducing the need for frequent pruning and improving labor efficiency. Although growth may slow down during the water-saving period, it accelerates after irrigation resumes, resulting in larger fruits. This method also enhances flower bud formation, reduces pre-harvest fruit drop, and ultimately increases overall production.
These techniques are not only advanced and well-established but also highly practical, making them ideal for widespread application in orchards. They have received recognition, including the "Innovation and Technology Star" award from the China National Division of the United Nations Technology Information System. Their implementation represents a significant step forward in sustainable and efficient peach cultivation.
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