Chrysanthemums are perennial herbs or subshrubs belonging to the Compositae family. Known for their diverse flower shapes and vibrant colors, they bloom proudly every autumn, making them a favorite among plant lovers. When selecting chrysanthemums for bonsai, it's best to choose varieties with strong, thick stems, short leaf sections, small leaves, dense branching, and small flowers with long blooming periods and attractive coloration. In late November, after the flowers have been removed, the roots with new growth are carefully cut and replanted separately. During winter, these plants should be placed in a cool, well-lit room, avoiding excessive warmth and overwatering. The soil should remain slightly moist, as too much water can cause the plants to become leggy and weak. By late March of the following year, when temperatures rise, the plants can be moved outdoors and transplanted into larger pots. From this point on, regular watering and fertilization should be maintained to promote vigorous growth. Pruning can begin between May and June to shape the bonsai. Common styles of chrysanthemum bonsai include cliff-style, single-trunk, slanting-trunk, jungle-style, rock-attached, and miniature designs. The primary shaping method involves wiring, complemented by careful pruning. It’s best to perform wiring on a sunny afternoon, as the stems are more flexible when they are less hydrated. After 2–3 weeks, the wires are removed. Once the main trunk reaches the desired height, topping is done to encourage lateral branches, while lower branches are left longer and upper ones are pruned to form a balanced crown. For rock-attached chrysanthemum bonsai, a suitable rock is chosen in May, and the plant’s root system is attached to the stone before being placed in a large container. In autumn, when buds begin to form, it is transferred to a smaller, appropriately sized pot. For wood-attached bonsai, old tree stumps with grooves are selected, and the chrysanthemum branches are placed into the grooves and secured with wire or rope. These are then moved to larger pots and eventually transferred to zisha or porcelain pots in the fall. Besides chrysanthemums, other small-flowered plants can also be used for decorative bonsai. Chrysanthemums with natural beauty are often planted in rectangular or oval zisha pots, placed on one or both sides rather than the center, paired with rocks to mimic traditional Chinese painting landscapes. Once the flowers open, adjustments are made to the placement of flowers and leaves to create a harmonious, artistic effect. Chrysanthemums thrive in rich, humus-filled soil with plenty of sunlight and good air circulation. After transplanting, they should be shaded for about a week. Watering should follow the “see dry, see wet” principle, and a diluted liquid fertilizer can be applied every 10 days. In autumn, a couple of applications of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can help promote blooming. Throughout the growing season, any branches or buds that interfere with the desired shape should be removed, along with yellowed leaves. As flowering approaches, the plant is shaped again, and moss is added to the pot surface according to design. Stones and accessories are placed to enhance the overall appearance. Some bonsai can be kept in a cold room below 10°C during winter, with slightly moist soil and limited light to maintain dormancy. In spring, dead branches are pruned, only the main structure is kept, and the pots are rotated. After sprouting, the plants are moved outdoors, and proper care is continued. When the flowers finally bloom in autumn, the bonsai will look more mature and visually striking, significantly enhancing its ornamental value.

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