Single Use Trocar Site Closure Device A fascial closure device is a laparoscopic instrument used to close the fascia, the layer of tissue that covers and separates abdominal organs and muscles. The device is used during laparoscopic surgery to create a secure closure of the fascia after the surgical procedure is complete.
The use of fascial closure devices during laparoscopic surgery can help reduce the risk of postoperative complications such as hernias, wound infections, and intestinal obstruction. It also closes the fascia more quickly and efficiently, reducing the overall time required for the procedure.
Single Use Trocar Site Closure Device,Medical Use Fascial Closure System,Single Use Fascial Closure System,Exit Fascia Closure Device Changzhou Weipu Medical Devices Co., Ltd. , https://www.cnweipumedical.com
The fascial closure device consists of a needle and suture material attached to a handle. A needle is used to puncture the fascia, then suture material is passed through the puncture site and tied tightly to close the fascia. The device's handle is used to control the movement of the needle and suture material, allowing precise placement and closure of the fascia.
Fertilization plays a crucial role in maintaining soil fertility and meeting the nutritional needs of guava trees throughout their growth and fruiting cycles. Guava is known for its multiple flowering periods, long fruiting season, high yield, and significant nutrient consumption. Therefore, effective fertilization management is essential to sustain tree vigor and improve soil health. Studies indicate that for every 100 kg of fresh guava fruit harvested, the tree absorbs approximately 1.83 kg of nitrogen (N), 0.39 kg of phosphorus (P), 1.62 kg of potassium (K), 0.90 kg of calcium (Ca), 0.22 kg of magnesium (Mg), and 0.24 kg of sodium (Na). The N:P:K:Ca:Mg ratio is roughly 1:0.21:0.89:0.49:0.12. Nutrient requirements can vary based on variety, yield level, and pruning practices. Higher yields and more intensive pruning increase the demand for nutrients.
For young guava trees, the primary goal of fertilization is to promote vigorous growth and help form a productive canopy. Basal fertilizers typically include compost, manure, and organic materials, with each application ranging from 10 to 15 kg per plant. A small amount of phosphorus, potassium, and calcium fertilizer is also added, such as 1 kg of calcium phosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate. In addition to basal applications, fertilization should be done in conjunction with pruning, following the principle of "fertilize once for every new branch." Farmers often use farmyard manure as the main source, with some nitrogen-based fertilizers applied as needed. Young guava trees should receive at least two main fertilizer applications annually. The first is usually applied between August and September, with 20–30 kg of compost and 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer per plant. The second application occurs in April or May of the following year, using 1.5–2.0 kg of compound fertilizer along with foliar sprays.
For fruiting trees, fertilization should focus on supporting flower development, fruit set, and root growth. Since guava flowers throughout the year, fertilization schedules must be adjusted accordingly. In Guangxi, fertilization is closely tied to the tree's growth stages. Fertilizers are applied during new shoot emergence (February–March), bud formation (March–April), and fruit enlargement (May–July). Additional applications occur in September–October for the second crop and November–December for the third. After harvest in January–February, a heavy winter fertilizer is applied. In Guangzhou, middle- and late-maturing varieties are fertilized before spring shoots emerge, during fruit development, and after harvesting. Early-maturing types require frequent fertilization after each harvest.
In Taiwan, fertilization is timed to reduce summer and autumn fruits while increasing winter and spring yields. Applications are made in February, May, July, August, and November. Organic base fertilizers are used in February for slow release. In India, nitrogen and potassium are applied four times a year—February, early May, early July, and August. Fertilizer rates and ratios vary by region. For example, in Taiwan, the N:P:K ratio shifts from 1:1:1 in young trees to 2:1:2 after 10 years. In Thailand, recommended annual rates are 0.2 kg N, 0.1 kg P₂O₅, and 0.4 kg K₂O, with a ratio of 2:1:4. In India, high-yield orchards use 0.583 kg N, 0.271 kg P₂O₅, and 0.399 kg K₂O annually, with a ratio of 1:0.46:0.68. In South Africa, adult trees receive 0.224 kg N, 0.045 kg P₂O₅, and 0.20 kg K₂O, with a ratio of 1:0.20:0.89.
When applying fertilizers, shallow trenches are dug under the canopy, measuring 0.7–0.8 meters in length, 0.2–0.3 meters in width, and 0.1 meter deep. Fertilizer is placed in the trench and covered with soil. Phosphate can also be applied 1.0–1.6 meters away from the trunk in a 0.6-meter-long trench to enhance nutrient uptake. Combining fertilization with irrigation during dry seasons improves effectiveness. Foliar sprays also show good results. Zinc application enhances fruit quality, increases soluble solids, and boosts overall fruit quality. Calcium nitrate promotes faster vegetative growth, shortens the flowering period, and increases fruiting rate. Spraying 0.6% zinc sulfate, 0.2% boric acid, and 0.05% ammonium molybdate during the flowering and early fruit stages improves fruit quality. In Taiwan, spraying 0.4–0.6% potassium dihydrogen phosphate three times in September and October significantly improves winter and spring fruit quality. Leaf fertilizer concentrations should be lower during the early leaf stage and higher once leaves mature.