The small fruit watermelon is small in size, beautiful in appearance, of good quality and short in growth period. In the south, due to higher temperatures in summer and autumn, abundant sunshine, relatively few rain days, and a large temperature difference between day and night, it is particularly suitable for the growth and development of watermelons. Watermelon is easier to set fruit and better quality than spring and summer. Therefore, small fruit watermelons are postponed in summer and autumn to meet people's demands for high-quality watermelon in the off-season market, and their market prospects are broad. Compared with the cultivation techniques of watermelon in spring and summer, the cultivation techniques of small fruit type watermelons in the summer and late autumn have great differences in species selection and cultivation management measures.

1. Variety selection: It is advisable to choose round fruit or high round varieties with good fruit-periodity and less teratogenicity, such as magnolia, Xiaoyuhong without seeds, Xiangyuhuamei, Hongxiaoyu, Huangxiaoyu H, Jinfu and so on.

2. Cultivate strong seedlings: The open field cultivation is suitable for planting from early July to early August, and greenhouse cultivation can be continued until the end of August to early September. The supply period of watermelon can be continued from early September to December. From July to August, hot and dry weather in the south is relatively high. It is difficult to raise seedlings. If the seedbed management is careless, it will cause burning, sprouting, burning of seedlings or the formation of tall seedlings, resulting in failure of nursery. Therefore, it is best to use nutritional seedlings to facilitate seedbed management. The seeded watermelon is preferably sown with dry seeds, and the seedless watermelon should be sowed with germination. Each 1-2 capsules, depth 1 cm, and cover 0.5 cm. A layer of straw was placed on the bed and the straw was wetted with a watering can and then covered with a shade net. Immediately after the seedlings arched the soil, the straw was removed, and only the sunshade was used to shave the shades. To prevent the formation of tall seedlings, 100 mg/L paclobutrazol solution can be sprayed after the cotyledon of the seedlings has been developed, so that the cotyledons are moist without dripping. During the nursery period, water as little as possible to promote seedling root growth. When the pods are dry and the seedlings are wilting, water them as appropriate. Watering should be done in the morning or after 6pm.

3, soil preparation fertilization: should choose convenient irrigation and drainage, good ventilation of sandy loam, it is best not to plant new varieties of melon crops. It is best to use grafted seedlings for cultivation or disinfection of soil. Disinfection method is to use 70% dexcon 3-4 kilograms of mixed river sand per acre evenly on the soil surface, then plowing, and irrigation (water) to the soil can be moist. In order to improve the yield and economic benefits of small-fruit watermelons, it is best to use a stand. 1.8-2 meters wide (including the ditch) to open the car, planting 2 cars per car. Ditch the base fertilizer 40-50 cm away from the pit. The summer and autumn cultivation of watermelon, the demand for fertilizer is more concentrated, the need to use 1,500 kilograms of mature pig manure per acre, 50-75 kilograms of dry vegetables (dry cake), 30 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 10 kg of urea as base fertilizer.

4, timely planting: 7-10 days after sowing, when the seedlings exposed or grow a true leaf colonization. Before planting, if there is a lack of lyrics in the melons, conditions can be filled with water once. When the soil water holding capacity is kept at 50%, planting is better. Colonization should be done on cloudy or sunny afternoons. Immediately after planting, 0.3% compound fertilizer was poured, 0.5 kg per litter, covered with a silver-gray mulch, and the membrane was immediately damaged and placed in a nest. Plant spacing is 0.5 meters, planting 1300-1500 strains per acre.

5, field management: cultivation of watermelon in summer and autumn grow quickly, but the growth is weaker than spring, in order to ensure adequate functional leaves, promote fruit enlargement, should adopt 2-3 vine pruning. When it is 30-50 centimeters in length, take a human frame or a frame, and use bamboo sticks or sticks or branches to guide the vine to prevent it from becoming entangled. In the period of young seedlings, leaves 4 leaves topping, but the seeds sown in late August-September may not be picked up. In order to increase the fruit setting rate and fruit product rate, it is advisable to artificially assist pollination and select melons to keep melons. Pollination should be completed by 8 o'clock in the morning and there are no strict requirements for pollination. When the egg size of the young fruit, according to the growth of melon seedlings, each plant should choose to retain 1-2 fruit. After fixing the fruit, fertilizer should be applied in time. Generally, 15 kg of compound fertilizer and 5 kg of urea should be followed by Mu. Dissolve the fertilizer in water and pour it in the void of the car and swell it with water.

6, pest control and pests: (1) Disease: summer and autumn watermelon cultivation is generally susceptible to viral disease, and virus disease is mainly transmitted through the locust. Therefore, the control of aphids is the most effective method to prevent the occurrence of viral diseases; in the initial stage of disease, foliar spraying with virus K or virus A can also receive better control effect. In the later period, anthrax also occurs, which can be treated with 65% mancozeb 600 times solution or 70% thiophanate-methyl 800-1000 times solution. (2) Insect pests: The pests of summer and autumn watermelons mainly include Huangshougua, Pieris rapae, aphids, and red spiders. Prevention and control should be based on prevention, comprehensive prevention and control methods, the eradication of pests in the initial stage. Spodoptera exigua is eliminated by clearing the melons and surrounding weeds, launching baits and artificial traps. The control melon can be sprayed with 10% decantyl net wettable powder 4000-6000 times, and Huang Shougua can be used to spray 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000 times, and the control of cabbage worm can be sprayed with 2% dishworm emulsion 1000-1500 times liquid.

7, timely harvest: small fruit watermelon rind thin, in terms of storage and transportation is less than the big fruit watermelon, the general local sales to nine mature harvest is appropriate, when the export eight ripe harvest, and a carton or bamboo basket bagging Packaging is better.

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