Peacock grass, also known as red and yellow grass, is an annual flowering plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It typically grows to a height of 20–40 cm, with a compact, bushy structure and multiple branches. The stems are purple in color, and the leaves are opposite, pinnately divided into lance-shaped lobes with visible oil glands along the edges. The flower heads are composed of a dark red outer ring and a bright yellow center, making it visually striking. Due to repeated hybridization between species, various cultivars have been developed, including pure yellow, orange, single-flowered, and double-flowered varieties.
The blooming period usually starts around May 1st and lasts until May 11th, making it a popular choice for spring festivals. Peacock grass is adaptable, thriving in warm, sunny conditions and tolerating drought. It doesn't require rich soil or heavy fertilization. It's hardy and can survive early frosts, though it tends to wilt during the summer heat. The growing cycle is relatively short, taking about 70 days from sowing to flowering.
In early spring, seedlings can be started indoors in greenhouses or warm rooms. After transplanting, they are moved into pots with a diameter of 20 cm. Once the risk of frost has passed, they can be planted directly in garden beds or containers. During summer, cutting back the plants helps maintain their shape and encourages new growth. In autumn, the plant may bloom again on new side shoots, depending on whether it's pruned or not.
Due to its tendency to cross-pollinate easily, especially with other marigold species, it's important to isolate different varieties by at least 100 meters to preserve their purity. Seeds should be collected and stored separately to avoid contamination.
Beyond its ornamental value, peacock grass has medicinal properties. It is used in traditional medicine to help clear phlegm, improve blood circulation, and treat respiratory issues such as whooping cough, bronchitis, and colds. In regions like the Russian Caucasus, it is even consumed as food, believed to promote longevity.
However, peacock grass is sensitive to low temperatures in early May and early frosts in late May. High summer heat can cause many plants to wither. Despite these challenges, it remains a popular choice for gardens and flower beds due to its vibrant orange and yellow blooms that add color and energy to any space.
Its seed germination rate is relatively low, typically between 10% and 30%, using standard sowing methods. To improve success, it's recommended to start seeds in containers filled with well-draining sandy loam. Seeds should be sown on the surface and lightly covered with rice straw or newspaper to ensure good contact with the soil. Keep the top layer consistently moist, and remove the covering once the seedlings emerge.
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