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1. Understand the working principle is to use the air-suction precision seeder to ensure that when the air-suction seeder is working, negative pressure is generated by the high-speed fan and transmitted to the vacuum chamber for seeding monomer. When the seed plate rotates, the seed is adsorbed under the negative pressure of the vacuum chamber and rotates along with the seed plate. When the seed is transferred out of the vacuum chamber, it no longer bears a negative pressure, and it depends on its own weight or falls in the ditch. The quality of work can be evaluated by hole rate and rebroadcast rate. The main influencing factors are the degree of vacuum, the shape of the suction hole, the size of the seed, and the structure and adjustment of the scraper.
(1) Vacuum degree. The greater the degree of vacuum, the stronger the ability to adsorb seeds, and the less likely to generate cavitations, but the possibility of adsorption of a few seeds in a single suction hole increases, which increases the replay rate.
(2) suction hole diameter. The larger the suction hole, the greater the suction force at the suction hole to the seed, and the same can reduce the hole rate and increase the replay rate.
(3) Scraper. Its role is to scrape excess seeds adsorbed by the suction hole and reduce the replay rate. In the work, due to the poor assembly quality of the implements or the collision during the movement, the distance between the scraper and the seed trays may be changed, or the seeds may be broken, or the purpose of scratching may not be achieved. The distance between the scraper and the seed tray should be between 0 and half the average diameter of the seed so that the seed cannot enter the gap formed between the scraper and the seed tray.
(4) Fan. It is a key component for generating negative pressure for the seed sorption seed, and the fan impeller rotates at a high speed to produce a high negative pressure. Small wind turbines, air duct leaks, or small diameter air ducts all produce a vacuum in the seed metering chamber that is not vacuumed and cannot be soaked on the seed. The above are the main features of the air-suction seeder. Other parts such as the opener, the repressor, and the earth-coverer are basically the same as the general seeder.
2. Be familiar with the possible causes of common faults, and avoid detours when troubleshooting. (1) The ground wheel slip rate is high. Possible causes are excessively high installation of the ground wheel, uneven girder, or jamming of the transmission mechanism.
(2) Do not plant. The possible causes are seed overhead, suction pipe fall off, suction pipe plugging, seed metering device not sealing, transmission failure or incorrect position of the scraper.
(3) Uneven seeding. Possible causes are insufficient air pressure, insufficient fan speed, insufficient air intake pipe, blocked suction pipe, unsealed seed feeder, excessive operation speed, improper adjustment of the scraper, too small hole in the seed tray, and impurities in the seeds. Or too few seeds.
(4) The opener is too shallow. Possible causes are improper positioning of the pin of the rectifying wheel depth adjusting plate or improper adjustment of the opener telescopic bar spring.
(5) Opener is too deep. Possible causes are incorrect adjustment of the ground wheel, incorrect position of the repressor wheel inserter, or improper adjustment of the opener telescopic rod spring.
(6) Drop chain or skip chain. Possible causes are misaligned chains or blocked chains and sprockets.
3. Appropriate modification can achieve good results. (1) The two bearings of the seeder ground wheel have interference fit in the two holes of the fork and adopt the through-shaft type. The disadvantage is that when the ground wheel fails to be disassembled, the bearing must be hit with a hammer, disassembly and assembly are inconvenient, and the life of the bearing is affected. After changing to the tile type, it is much easier to replace the bearing and repair the ground wheel.
(2) Some planter seeders use hard plastic materials to manufacture vacuum chambers. Although they have the advantages of low cost and small quality, the transmission components on both sides of the seed metering device are metal materials, which can easily deform the vacuum chamber during operation. , air leakage, thus affecting the degree of vacuum in the vacuum chamber. The use of cast iron to create a vacuum chamber works well.
(3) The transmission part of some seeders adopts the power input from one end in series. When one group of metering devices fails, it will affect the work of other metering devices. Changing the overall series transmission to a single sprocket parallel drive has greatly improved the quality of work.
(4) The duct made of hard plastic material is connected from the fan to the metering device, which is very messy and exposed to the outside. It often affects its life due to wear and aging. The connection channel with the main air duct of the cross beam not only reduces the sense of disorder, but also avoids the aging of the air duct and facilitates the installation.
(5) Covering part. Some seeders use plough-covered earth-covering devices. This soil-covering device is only suitable for relatively flat lands. When the original ridge land is sown, it is easy to produce defects such as loose soil or overburden. The original ridge block operation can use scraper or disc type soil cover.
4. Pre-work preparations must be done in order to ensure the quality of precision seeding operations. Pre-sowing preparations are very important.
(1) Land preparation. Soil preparation before sowing requires that the soil particles should be finely crushed and the surface should be soft and flat with proper tightness and proper depth and consistency.
(2) Seed preparation. Seeds should be carefully selected, shape and size must be consistent, no impurities, purity and germination rate should reach more than 98%, and seed treatment should be carried out.
(3) Fertilizer preparation. Should use good fluidity granular fertilizer, no impurities, not moisture.
(4) Machine debugging. Correctly assemble, maintain and debug, adjust the row spacing of the implements according to the agronomical requirements, and after the adjustments, perform the trial broadcasts and reach the requirements before the normal operation can be performed.
Due to the characteristics of low seeding point, flat seed bed, uniform seed distribution, uniform seed depth, and neat seedling, which are in line with agronomic requirements, air-suction precision seed drills are becoming more and more popular. By replacing the different seed trays and the sprocket with different transmission ratios on the air sucker, various crops such as corn, soybeans, sorghum, adzuki bean and beet can be accurately sowed. The air-suction seeder can be used in single and double-line operation with strong versatility, and can perform lateral fertilization, ditching, sowing, soil covering and repression operations at a time. It is a renewing machine that can meet precision sowing in the three-ridge farming model to achieve balanced production increase. . Although this kind of planter has its obvious advantages, it also has its shortcomings. It requires the user to constantly sum up experience and make full use of its advantages to make up for its deficiencies.