First, understanding the fertilizer characteristics of Chinese cabbage is essential for successful cultivation. Also known as "Chinese Cabbage," "Yellow Sprout," or "Warm Chinese Cabbage," this vegetable is native to China and has over 1,000 varieties, widely grown across the country. The northern region is the primary production area. As a high-nitrogen crop, Chinese cabbage requires significant amounts of nutrients. For every 1,000 kg of cabbage produced, approximately 1.5 kg of nitrogen, 0.7 kg of phosphorus, and 2 kg of potassium are needed, with a typical ratio of 1:0.47:1.33. The uptake of these nutrients varies throughout the growth stages, generally increasing in line with the plant's dry weight. During the germination to rosette stage, only about 10% of the total nutrient absorption occurs, while the remaining 90% is taken up during later stages. Nitrogen absorption peaks between the rosette stage, followed by potassium and then phosphorus. During the heading stage, potassium is most heavily absorbed, followed by nitrogen, with phosphorus still being the lowest.
Second, applying proper fertilization techniques is crucial for maximizing yield and quality. The first step is applying base fertilizer, which provides long-term nutrition for the entire growing season. It is recommended to apply more than 5,000 kg of organic manure per acre, along with 50-70 kg of compound fertilizer. About 60% of the fertilizer should be deeply incorporated into the soil during plowing, while the remaining portion is lightly mixed into the topsoil with the crop residue before forming ridges.
The second step involves seedling fertilizer, which ensures sufficient nutrients during the early growth phase. A small amount of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer—around 3-5 kg per acre—is applied directly into the planting holes or furrows before sowing. This mixture is well combined with the soil and then watered to promote quick root establishment.
The third stage is the "leaf tree" fertilizer, applied when the plants start to form a rosette. At this time, it’s important to supply additional nitrogen, along with phosphorus and potassium, to support rapid growth. It is recommended to use 10-15 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per acre. For direct-seeded crops, the fertilizer is placed in a 8-10 cm trench around the plant and covered with soil. For transplanted cabbages, the fertilizer is applied in the furrow or hole, mixed into the soil, and then the seedlings are planted.
The final step is the "ball" fertilizer, which is critical during the heading stage when the inner leaves begin to form the compact head. If this period lacks nutrients, it can negatively affect the development of the core, leading to poor leaf cohesion and reduced yield. To prevent this, a top-dressing of 30 kg of high-nitrogen and high-potassium compound fertilizer per acre is recommended, applied about 5-6 days before the heading begins. The fertilizer is placed in a shallow groove (8-10 cm) along the rows. This application helps enrich the inner leaves and promotes better "irrigation," hence it is also referred to as "heart filling." Proper timing and application of these fertilizers ensure healthy growth and high-quality harvests.
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