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The breeding period of guinea fowls typically spans from 3 to 25 weeks of age, and it can be divided into two main phases: the pre-development stage (3–8 weeks) and the post-development stage (9–25 weeks). Proper feeding and management during this time are essential for raising a healthy, high-yielding laying flock.
First, preparing the chicken house is crucial. In regions with significant seasonal temperature variations, a closed-type broiler coop with concrete flooring is ideal, as it allows for easy cleaning and disinfection. All windows and light-transmitting areas should have blackout curtains, and the entrance should be secured with barbed wire. Guinea fowls can be raised on the ground, with grass laid down in cold weather and sand used in hot conditions. Alternatively, floor nets can be used—either full, two-thirds, or half coverage—with the remaining area covered in bedding.
In the early stages of breeding, especially when moving from the brooding house, some heating is still necessary. Warm umbrellas or fire pits can be used for this purpose. Feeding and watering equipment should be set up according to standard guidelines: 7 cm of space per chicken and 1 cm of sink space. Perches should be placed at 1 meter per 15 chickens, with a distance of 30–35 cm between them and about 100 cm above the ground. If floor nets are used, perches may not be necessary. For catching, a long bamboo pole with a 40 cm mesh net at the end is recommended.
Second, managing breeding density is important. During the early phase, 15–20 guinea fowls per square meter is suitable, while 6–15 per square meter is appropriate during the rearing period. Pre-bred chickens should occupy about one-third of the floor space initially, with gradual expansion as they grow. Adjustments can be made based on environmental conditions like temperature and humidity.
Third, lighting plays a key role in the breeding process. Male and female hens should be kept in separate groups with different light schedules. In the early stages, provide 8–9 hours of light daily, gradually increasing to 14 hours as they mature. The light intensity should be around 0.5–1 watt per square meter. Roosters should be exposed to increased light earlier than hens during the rearing period.
Fourth, feeding should follow a balanced diet. A typical feed mix includes: 50–52% corn, 6–8% wheat flour, 4–14% bran, 2–6% grass powder, 12–22% soybean meal, 4–8% fishmeal, 1.5–1.6% bone meal, 0.5–1.5% shell powder, 0.4–0.5% salt, and 0.5% additives (including vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and antibiotics). Feed the chickens 2–4 times a day, and supplement with green feed when possible.
Fifth, controlled feeding is important to ensure proper weight gain. Adjust the amount of feed based on the age of the birds, aiming for optimal body weight. If overfeeding occurs, reduce feeding frequency to every other day. Every two weeks, randomly select 5% of the flock to measure their body weight and compare it with the target standard.
Lastly, disease prevention is critical. Guinea fowls in the breeding phase are prone to intestinal diseases, coccidiosis, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. Preventive treatments should be administered regularly. When transferring young birds to laying houses, do so under dim lighting at night to reduce stress.