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The breeding period of guinea fowls typically spans from 3 to 25 weeks of age, and it can be divided into two main phases: the pre-development stage (3–8 weeks) and the post-development stage (9–25 weeks). Proper feeding and management during this time are crucial for raising a healthy, high-yielding laying flock.
First, preparing the chicken house is essential. In regions with significant seasonal temperature variations, closed-type broiler coops made of concrete flooring are ideal for easy cleaning and disinfection. All light-transmitting areas should have blackout curtains, and the entrance should be secured with barbed wire. Guinea fowls can be raised on the ground, with grass laid down in cold weather and sand in hot conditions. Alternatively, floor nets can be used—such as full, 2/3, or 1/2 net coverage—with the remaining area filled with bedding grass for comfort.
In the early stages, especially when moving from the brooding house, some heating is still necessary. Options like warm umbrellas or fire pits can help maintain a suitable environment. Feeding and watering equipment should be set up according to standard guidelines: 7 cm per chicken for feeders and 1 cm for drinkers. Perches should be placed at 1 meter per 15 chickens, with 30–35 cm between each. If floor nets are used, perches may not be necessary. The perch height should be around 100 cm from the ground. When catching guinea fowls, a long bamboo pole with a mesh net (40 cm diameter) is useful for safe handling.
Breeding density also plays a key role. During the early phase, 15–20 birds per square meter is recommended, while during the rearing period, it should be reduced to 6–15 per square meter. Initially, pre-bred chickens can occupy about one-third of the space, gradually increasing as they grow. Adjustments can be made based on temperature and humidity levels.
Lighting is another important factor. Male and female hens should be kept in separate groups with different lighting schedules. During the early breeding stage, 8–9 hours of light per day is sufficient, but this should be gradually increased to 14 hours as they mature. Light intensity should be between 0.5–1 watt per square meter. Roosters should be exposed to light earlier than hens during the rearing phase.
For feeding, a balanced diet is essential. A typical feed mix includes corn (50–52%), wheat flour (6–8%), bran (4–14%), grass powder (2–6%), soybean meal (12–22%), fishmeal (4–8%), bone meal (1.5–1.6%), shell powder (0.5–1.5%), salt (0.4–0.5%), and additives such as vitamins, amino acids, and antibiotics (0.5%). Breeding chickens should be fed 2–4 times daily, with additional green feed provided when appropriate.
Restricted feeding is also important to ensure proper growth. By controlling feed amounts based on age, you can keep body weight within desired limits. If chickens become overweight, feeding every other day may be necessary. Every two weeks, randomly select 5% of the flock to weigh and compare their average weight and uniformity against the standard.
Lastly, disease prevention is critical. Guinea fowls are prone to intestinal diseases, coccidiosis, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. Preventive treatments should be administered regularly. When transferring broilers to laying hen houses, it’s best to do so under low-light conditions at night to reduce stress.
Proper care and attention during the breeding period will lead to healthier, more productive guinea fowl.