Editor's Note: In the face of dead trees, “prevention-based, comprehensive prevention and control†is a consensus prevention program proposed by professionals, but what is “integrated controlâ€? Acupuncture treatment of soil in the hole, and then consolidate the control effect after the injection of drugs, after the occurrence of dead trees is the comprehensive treatment of irrigation? Regarding its problems, we visited the vegetable experts of the Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The experts discussed their views and provided comprehensive prevention and control programs. They were published in this issue for reference by farmers. Comprehensive prevention and control Only by clarifying the cause of the disease can we be able to target it. Many people think that dead trees are mainly caused by diseases. But this is only one of the causes of dead trees, and in many cases it is not the most fundamental reason. Water, fertilizer, and soil are all important causes of dead trees. Disease: To find out the main diseases Phytophthora root rot, stem rot, fusarium wilt, Fusarium root rot, and bacterial wilt are the major diseases that cause dead vegetables in current crops, as well as sclerotinia and bacterial soft rot. However, in the face of so many diseases, it is very difficult for you to use drugs for prevention and treatment. In this regard, it is recommended that the major diseases should be identified before comprehensive prevention and treatment can be implemented with emphasis. In the actual production situation, it was found that dead trees caused by Phytophthora root rot and Pythium root rot can account for most of the deaths. This is the main disease of dead trees of pepper crops. Pythium root rot mainly damages the roots of crops. The root epidermis rots and peels easily. Phytophthora root rot only harms the roots and roots, and is initially immersed in water, and the outer surface of the rot turns into brown rot, commonly known as “black stalksâ€. For these two kinds of diseases, we can use 600 times the gold mine mix 1000 times the times of birth to prevent; after the use of the above-mentioned agent Irrigation to consolidate the control effect and treatment. Precise can also be used to prevent and control hydantoin. Fusarium wilt disease has also been on the rise in recent years. The course of the disease is relatively long, and it has been mostly found at the seedling stage or at the initial stage of colonization. However, the crop shows signs of wilting and dead trees. For this disease, acupuncture plus carbendazim plus thiram was used 500 times each for prevention. In addition, in the hot season, stem rot is also a major disease causing dead vegetables. For this disease, it can be controlled by agents such as tolclofos-methyl or ethyl allicin. The above is the comprehensive drug control program. If the old shed is faced with, and is planted continuously and planted continuously for many years, various kinds of harmful diseases exist in large quantities, and even there is no difference between major diseases and minor diseases, then the first step of comprehensive prevention and control measures should be high temperature stunners. Or methane bromide treatment of greenhouse soil, complete disinfection of the greenhouse. Water: Do not overdo it Do not over-water at one time and do not over-control. Although greenhouse vegetable is a famous “water cloth bagâ€, it is required for humidity. The death of many vegetables is caused by improper watering and causes diseases after root injury, especially pepper crops. Excessive water control exacerbates the aging of the root system. After flooding, it is highly vulnerable to injury, rooting or infection, and eventually leads to crop failure. One-time watering is too large and rooting occurs, especially in the cold season. When roots occur, the roots of the young roots are rusted brown and rot. As a result, the upper leaves become yellow, and wilts die. Therefore, for watering, according to the water demand law of the crop at different times, according to the weather and soil conditions, reasonable watering. The basic principle is the pouring of small water in the high temperature period; in the low temperature period, the small ditch is poured under the membrane and poured in small water. Dead trees and dead seedlings caused by improper watering are particularly prominent during the low temperature period. Excessive soil moisture, poor ventilation, root anaerobic suffocation cause rot and roots. At present, it is a time when young vegetables are used for seedling raising in early spring, and seedlings are often used for seedling raising. The substrate has high permeability and poor water retention. Therefore, it needs to be watered in time to prevent dehydration of seedlings and emergence of aging seedlings. Excessive watering at one time can easily lead to the formation of matrix water, which in turn causes root defects. Therefore, to properly control the watering, watering can be used instead of the flooding irrigation seedbed to prevent excessive humidity in the matrix. Fertilizer: Avoid scientific methods of fertilization It is clear to everyone that organic manure is not ripe, base fertilizer is used too much, and one-off fertiliser is too large. The soil salinization caused by the use of chemical fertilizers in successive years is an important cause of dead vegetables. For this, many vegetable farmers still lack understanding. Paying attention to the use of organic fertilizers is conducive to high yields of vegetables, but many vegetable farmers directly apply large amounts of organic manure, such as chicken manures, that have not been fully decomposed into the soil, causing burning of roots and subsequent root diseases. In this regard, vegetable farmers should pay attention to full maturity when applying organic fertilizers. For example, the use of bio-bacterial bacteriostatic antibacterial 968 high-speed rapid decomposition of chicken manure, according to a bottle of chicken manure a bottle of high fertility, evenly sprayed on the chicken manure as soon as possible into the soil. After extensive use of base fertilizer, the next step was to turn the floor. Turning the land with a rotary cultivator is currently the mainstream of the ground, and the depth of the cultivator is very shallow, not more than 20 centimeters, so that a large amount of base fertilizer is gathered in the farming layer within 20 centimeters. After the vegetable is planted, the root system is exposed to a large amount of fertilizer when it is stretched, resulting in burning roots and causing dead trees. Another vegetable farmer applies the fertilizer directly to the root of the crop when topdressing, so that the fertilizer directly contacts the root system and is prone to burning roots. In some old sheds, due to the use of chemical fertilizers for many years, the soil is exposed to “moss†and serious “red frosts†appear. What is this? This is salt. When vegetables are grown in this kind of soil, they will inevitably have "salt damage." Just like “pickled picklesâ€, it is not surprising that dead trees are affected by the normal development of the root system. In this case, on the basis of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers used, the use of rice husks, straw, and other organic fertilizers, or biological bacterial fertilizers, will improve the salinity of the soil and reduce the phenomenon of dead trees. Prevention: Seedling disease Miao is sick, dead and heavy. At present, many vegetable farmers choose to order seedlings from the nursery. However, after the seedlings were sent, most vegetable farmers did not conduct seedling treatment and they were planted. As everyone knows, if the roots of the seedlings have been initially infested with pathogenic bacteria, after the planting, they encounter a high temperature and high humidity environment and the onset is very rapid and severe. In this regard, measures should be taken promptly to prevent seedlings from becoming ill and prevent the death of dead vegetables. 1. Disinfectant tray. With Prok + hymexazol + agro streptomycin formulated into a certain solution, and then start the plug tray with both hands, a solution to the solution, not too seedlings can be. 2. Biofungicide plates. The use of antibacterial 968 Miao Bao formulating solution to the plate, using its antibacterial effect of bacteria, in advance to prevent seedling root disease.
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